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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
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Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...

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肺がんのスクリーニング:米国の予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明

, Alex H Krist1,2, Karina W Davidson3

  • 1Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia.

JAMA
|March 9, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

50歳から80歳までの高リスク成人の場合,低用量CTスキャンによる年間肺がんスクリーニングが推奨されます. このスクリーニングは,喫煙歴のある個人に早期発見のための適度な純利益を提供します.

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科学分野:

  • 肺内科
  • 腫瘍学
  • 予防 医療

背景:

  • 肺がんは米国で がんによる死亡の主な原因で 喫煙が主な危険因子です
  • 早期の肺がんは 進行した病気よりも 予後が良く 治療が容易です
  • 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) は以前,2013年に勧告を更新しました.

研究 の 目的:

  • 肺がんのスクリーニングに関する2013年USPSTFの勧告を更新する.
  • 低用量コンピュータトモグラフィー (LDCT) スクリーニングの精度,利益,害を評価する.
  • モデル化研究を用いて最適なスクリーニング年齢,間隔,戦略を決定する.

主な方法:

  • LDCTのスクリーニングの精度,利益,害について体系的なレビューが行われました.
  • スクリーニングパラメータに関する意思決定を基にした共同モデリング研究です.
  • 研究対象は,喫煙歴20パック年 (現在または過去15年以内の喫煙者) の50~80歳の成人でした.

主要な成果:

  • 毎年実施されるLDCTのスクリーニングは,高リスクの個人に適度な純利益をもたらします.
  • リスク評価には,年齢,喫煙歴 (パック年数),禁煙以来の時間なども含まれます.
  • USPSTFはスクリーニングの利点について,適度な確信を持って結論付けました.

結論:

  • USPSTFは20パック年喫煙歴のある50歳から80歳の成人のためのLDCTによる年次肺がんスクリーニングを推奨しています.
  • 喫煙をやめて15年経った場合や 寿命を制限する病気や 手術の選択肢がある場合 スクリーニングは中止すべきです
  • この更新された勧告は,2013年のガイドラインと比較して,開始年齢とパック年の値を下げています.