グローバル・ラーニング・データを用いて人材を測定する
Noam Angrist1,2, Simeon Djankov3,4, Pinelopi K Goldberg4,5,6,7,8
1World Bank, Washington, DC, USA. noam.angrist@bsg.ox.ac.uk.
Nature
|March 11, 2021
まとめ
世界的な人材開発は 経済成長に不可欠です この研究は,学習の進展を追跡する世界規模のデータベースを作成し,学校入学率の増加にもかかわらず,限られた成果を明らかにし,人材を強調しました.
科学分野:
- 経済学
- 教育
- 人材開発
背景:
- 個人の知識と技能を含む人間資本は,経済発展に不可欠です.
- 世界的に比較可能な学習指標は,人材の形成を追跡するために不可欠です.
- 既存の国際的成果テストは主に先進国で使用され,開発途上国の分析を制限しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 2000年から2017年の間,世界的に比較可能な人材指標のデータベースを構築する.
- 世界的な学習の進歩とその経済発展との関係を分析する.
- 人力資本が経済成長に与える影響を より正確に計測するためです
主な方法:
- 164カ国と世界人口の98%をカバーする包括的なグローバルデータベースの開発
- 2000年から2017年のデータを活用し,開発途上国に焦点を当てています.
- 収入の格差における人間資本の役割を推定するために,直接的な学校教育の質の測定を用いた会計演習を用いる.
主要な成果:
- 全世界の学習の進歩は,小学校と中学校への入学率が増加したにもかかわらず,限られています.
- 人力資本は 各国の所得の差の5分の"から半分を占めています
- 人材資本の経済的影響は,所得層や地域によって大きく異なっています.
- 開発されたデータベースは,ペン・ワールド・テーブルや ヒューマン・デベロップメント・インデックスなどの既存の指標よりも 経済成長との強い関連を示しています.
結論:
- 世界的な学習の進歩は限られており,特に発展途上国では, 標的を絞った介入が必要である.
- 人間資本は経済的発展の重要な要因ですが,異質な要因です.
- 新しいデータベースは,人間資本の経済的貢献を分析するためのより堅実な手段を提供します.
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