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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Protocol for Human Blastoids Modeling Blastocyst Development and Implantation
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ヒトの多能幹細胞から生成された芽細胞のような構造

Leqian Yu1,2, Yulei Wei1,3,4, Jialei Duan5

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Nature
|March 18, 2021
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は多能幹細胞から ヒトブラストイドを開発し 初期のヒトの発達モデルを作りました これらのブラストイッド構造はヒトのブラストシストを模倣し,胚形成と妊娠障害の研究に役立ちます.

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Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing PSC-to-Functional Cell Differentiation Using ML Models Based on Live-Cell Bright-Field Imaging
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Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing PSC-to-Functional Cell Differentiation Using ML Models Based on Live-Cell Bright-Field Imaging
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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学
  • 幹細胞生物学
  • 生殖医学

背景:

  • ヒトの胚形成の研究は 胚へのアクセスが制限されているため
  • ヒトの多能幹細胞は 発達研究のための in vitro モデルを提供する.
  • 既存のモデルは,ヒトの胚芽細胞の移植前の段階を完全に反映していない.

研究 の 目的:

  • 多能幹細胞を用いた移植前のヒト芽細胞のモデルを開発する.
  • 早期の人類の発達を研究するための 拡張可能で 混乱可能なシステムを作ります
  • ブラストシスト形成と早期発達の欠陥に影響を与える要因を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 3次元培養システムで 素朴なヒトの多能幹細胞を利用した
  • 連続した系統の分化と自己組織化により ブラストシストのような構造を形成した.
  • 形態学,細胞数,系統配分,単細胞RNA配列を用いて構造を特徴づけた.

主要な成果:

  • 形質学,サイズ,細胞数,細胞系統の組成で人間のブラストシストに似ている"ヒトブラストアイド"を生成した.
  • 単細胞RNA配列解析により,ヒトのブラストオイドとブラストキストのトランスクリプトミックの類似性を実証した.
  • ヒトのブラストイドは,幹細胞の誘導と周辺植入構造へのさらなる開発に使用することができます.

結論:

  • 人間のブラストオイドは,初期の人間の発達とブラストシスト形成を研究するための有効なインビトロモデルを提供します.
  • このモデルは妊娠初期障害や発達障害の研究を容易にする.
  • 特定のタンパク質キナーゼCイソ酵素は,ブラストイド腔の形成に不可欠であると特定されました.