SARS-CoV-2の変種B.1.351およびP.1は,中和抗体から脱出する
Markus Hoffmann1, Prerna Arora1, Rüdiger Groß2
1Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Cell
|April 1, 2021
まとめ
新しいSARS-CoV-2変種は,COVID-19抗体に対する耐性を示しています. これは,ウイルスが抗体反応を中和し,パンデミック封じ込めの取り組みに影響を及ぼす可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 免疫学
- 感染症
背景:
- SARS-CoV-2によって引き起こされたCOVID-19のパンデミックは,世界的な健康と経済危機をもたらしました.
- リコンビネントまたはワクチンによる中和抗体は,SARS-CoV-2に対する重要なツールです.
- 新興のSARS-CoV-2変種 (B.1.1.7,B.1.351,P.1) は,ウイルス相互作用と治療に対する耐性に影響を与えるスパイクタンパク質変異を有する.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2の変種がエントリー阻害剤と中和抗体に対する感受性を調査する.
- スパイクタンパク質の変異がウイルスと宿主細胞の相互作用と治療抵抗に対する影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 人体細胞へのSARS-CoV-2の侵入をモデル化するために偽粒子を使用した.
- SARS-CoV-2変種に対するエントリー阻害剤 (溶性ACE2,カモスタット,EK-1,EK-1-C4) の有効性を試験した.
- COVID-19 治療用抗体 (カシリビマブ,バムラニビマブ),回復期プラズマ,およびワクチン用血清の中和活性を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 検査されたすべてのSARS-CoV-2変種は,溶性ACE2,カモスタット,EK-1,およびEK-1-C4のようなエントリー阻害剤によってブロックされやすいままでした.
- 治療用抗体カシリビマブとバムラニビマブに対して,B.1. 351とP.1の変種は,それぞれ部分的または完全な耐性を示した.
- COVID-19の回復した個体からの血清とBNT162b2のワクチン接種を受けた個体の血清は,これらの変種の侵入を抑制する効果が低下したことを示した.
結論:
- SARS-CoV-2の変種は,治療用抗体,回復期プラズマ,ワクチンからの抗体反応を中和する耐性を発達させる可能性があります.
- これらの発見は,ウイルスの免疫脱出の可能性を強調し,COVID-19のパンデミックを制御するための継続的な戦略に大きな意味を持っています.
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