光学量子ガスの非ヘルミシアン相変化の観測
Fahri Emre Öztürk1, Tim Lappe2, Göran Hellmann1
1Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstr. 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 2, 2021
まとめ
研究者は,フォトンボース-アインシュタイン凝縮体における新しい非ヘルミシアン相移行を観察した. この移行は,独特のコヘランス崩壊によって特徴づけられる,レーシングとは異なる消散段階につながります.
科学分野:
- 量子多体物理学
- 量子光学
- 凝縮物質物理学
背景:
- 光の量子ガスは フォトンやポラリトンの凝縮物のように 設計された量子システムです
- 光学微小穴は制御された消散を可能にし,消散相を研究するのに理想的です.
- 分散段階は量子多体物理学の新興分野です
研究 の 目的:
- フォトンボース-アインシュタイン凝縮体における非ヘルミシアン相変換を実験的に実証する.
- その結果生じる消散相とその独特のコヒーレンス特性について説明する.
- 新しい量子現象を研究するための 光の量子ガスの可能性を探求する.
主な方法:
- 光学微小穴における光子ボース・アインシュタイン凝縮体の実験的実現.
- 非ヘルミシアン・フェーズ移行の観察と特徴付け
- 異なる相を特定するために,コンデンサートの二次相合性を測定する.
主要な成果:
- 非ヘルミシアン相から消散相への移行は実験的に実証された.
- 消散段階は二次一貫性の比率的な衰退によって特徴づけられる.
- この相変化は 量子ガスの例外的な点の出現と 結びついています
- 観測された移行は,消散相とレーザーと振動相を明確に分離しています.
結論:
- フォトンボース-アインシュタイン凝縮体は,非ヘルミシアン物理学と分散量子相の研究のためのプラットフォームを提供します.
- 変異的な量子状態を 探求するための新しい経路を 提供しています
- このアプローチは,トポロジックおよび格子系における消散相の研究に適用できます.
関連する概念動画
02:32The de Broglie Wavelength
31.4K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
31.4K
02:39Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation
19.7K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
19.7K
02:31Phase Transitions
21.5K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
21.5K
01:16UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions
2.2K
In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
2.2K
02:39Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing
13.7K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
13.7K
02:33Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition
18.8K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
18.8K