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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

18.1K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
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Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

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コア・プロモーターに関するプレイニシアチブ・コンプレックス・アセンブリに関する構造的洞察

Xizi Chen1, Yilun Qi1, Zihan Wu1

  • 1Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 2, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

転写因子IID (TFIID) 構造は,真核転写におけるプレイニシエーション複合体 (PIC) アセンブリのための2つの異なる経路を明らかにする. これらの経路は共通のホロPICに収束し,RNAポリメラーゼIIを安定させ,その活性化を促進します.

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The ChIP-exo Method: Identifying Protein-DNA Interactions with Near Base Pair Precision
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

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The ChIP-exo Method: Identifying Protein-DNA Interactions with Near Base Pair Precision
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Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA
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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 構造生物学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • 転写因子IID (TFIID) は,RNAポリメラーゼII (Pol II) による真核転写の開始に不可欠である.
  • 遺伝子調節を解読するには,様々なプロモーターのプレイニシエーション複合体 (PIC) の組み立てを理解することが不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 異なるプロモータータイプにおける TFIID 介在の PIC アセンブリの構造的メカニズムを解明する.
  • Holo-PICの段階的な組織とPol IIとの相互作用を視覚化する.

主な方法:

  • 3つの異なる組立状態における人間のTFIIDベースのPICの高解像度構造を決定した.
  • 構造生物学技術を活用して,PIC構成とサブユニットの相互作用を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • PICアセンブリの2つの異なる"トラック"が明らかになった.一つはTATA-TFIID結合要素プロモーター,もう一つはTATAのみ/TATA未満のプロモーターである.
  • 両方の線路は ~50のサブユニットのホロ-PIC構造に収束することを示した.
  • TFIIDはホロPICを安定させ,サイクリン依存キナーゼ活性化キナーゼ (CAK) をPol IIに負荷し,TBPはTATAとTATA-lessのプロモーターの両方を曲げる.

結論:

  • TFIIDは,異なるeukaryoticプロモーターで安定したHolo-PICを形成するために,異なるがコンバージェントなアセンブリ経路を使用します.
  • 構造的な洞察は,トランスクリプションの開始とPol IIの規制におけるTFIIDの役割のメカニズム的基盤を提供します.