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関連する概念動画

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.1K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

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In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

13.4K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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A Method for Investigating Change Blindness in Pigeons Columba Livia
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Published on: September 7, 2018

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減算的な変化を無視しています.

Gabrielle S Adams1, Benjamin A Converse2,3, Andrew H Hales4

  • 1Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. gsa4a@virginia.edu.

Nature
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

状況を改善するために要素を減算することを無視し 代わりに追加することにしました この認知バイアスは 過剰労働や環境破壊といった 複雑な問題に対する 最適な解決策を見つけるのを妨げます

さらに関連する動画

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

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Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
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Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

A Method for Investigating Change Blindness in Pigeons Columba Livia
06:14

A Method for Investigating Change Blindness in Pigeons Columba Livia

Published on: September 7, 2018

6.6K
Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

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Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
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Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

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科学分野:

  • 認知心理学
  • 意思決定
  • 問題 解決

背景:

  • 物やアイデアや状況を改善するには しばしば 変化の可能性を 心理的に探す必要があります
  • 認知の負荷を管理するために 探求を制限し 潜在的に優れた代替案を 見逃してしまうのです
  • 既存の研究は 構成要素を減算するのではなく 追加することに焦点を当てていることを示しています

研究 の 目的:

  • 改善を図る際の 減算と加算の変換を 同じように考慮するかどうかを調査する.
  • 個人が問題解決のシナリオにおける 控除的な変化を体系的に無視しているかどうかを判断する.
  • 添加式と減算式の標準的な検索に影響を与える要因を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 添加的対減算的変化の参加者の考慮を調査する8つの実験を行いました.
  • 補足的な検索の限界と 認知の負荷を認識するチャンスです
  • 異なる実験条件下で有利な減算変換を特定する確率を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 抽出変換を無視して 添加変換を検索することに 系統的にデフォルトしました
  • 控除が明示的に示されていない場合,有益な控除の変化を特定する確率は減少した.
  • アディティブ戦略の欠陥を認識する機会が少なくなり,減算的な変化の考慮がさらに減少しました.

結論:

  • 抽象的な解決法よりも 添加的な解決法を好む傾向は 認知上のデフォルトです
  • このバイアスは,個人的な,制度的,環境的な問題を含む様々な現実世界の課題において,最適でない結果につながる可能性があります.
  • このバイアスを理解することは,よりバランスの取れた解決策の探求を促す戦略の開発に不可欠です.