ヒトの腸内微生物群の長期的な遺伝的安定性と個々の特異性
Lianmin Chen1, Daoming Wang2, Sanzhima Garmaeva2
1Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713GZ, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713GZ, the Netherlands.
Cell
|April 10, 2021
まとめ
この研究は4年間にわたって 安定した腸内微生物のプロフィールを明らかにし 微生物の指紋を正確に検出できます これらのプロファイルは腸内細菌とその代謝産物を ホストの心代謝健康と関連付けています
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 人間の生理学
- メタボロミクス
背景:
- 腸内微生物群の長期的な安定性と宿主の生理学との関係は完全に理解されていません.
- 個別的な微生物のプロファイルは 時間の経過とともに宿主の健康状態を 洞察することができます
研究 の 目的:
- 人間のフェノタイプと血代謝産物との関係で4年間の腸内微生物の安定性と変化を特徴づける.
- 縦断的なメタゲノムサンプルを分類するための微生物指紋法を開発する.
- 腸内微生物と宿主の心臓代謝の健康との関連を特定する.
主な方法:
- 4年間にわたる338人の長期追跡調査で,腸内微生物群,51人の表型,および1,183人のプラズマ代謝物質が追跡されました.
- 細菌の単一ヌクレオチドポリモルフィズム (SNP) と構造的変異を用いた微生物の指紋法の開発.
- フィンガープリントメソッドを独立したヒト微生物群プロジェクト (HMP) に適用する.
主要な成果:
- 微生物の指紋を採取する方法は,4年隔りのサンプルで最大85%,独立したコホートで1年隔りのサンプルで最大95%の精度を達成した.
- バクテリアの種数,代謝経路,菌株の置換における観測された時間的変化.
- ホストのフェノタイプと190の縦断的な微生物関連性,および519の血代謝産物,心臓代謝特性,ビタミンB,尿性毒素に富んだ.
結論:
- 個々の腸内微生物のプロファイルは一時的に安定し,指紋を正確に取得できます.
- 腸内微生物の組成とその代謝物は,宿主の心代謝の健康と縦断的に関連しています.
- 腸内微生物の代謝物は,心代謝健康に対する微生物の影響を媒介する可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Anatomy of the Intestines
85.0K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
85.0K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
872
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
872
Modern Molecular Taxonomy
340
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
340
Multi-species Conserved Sequences
4.4K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.4K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.7K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.7K
What is Monogastric Digestion?
73.7K
The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
73.7K


