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Semiconductors01:22

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There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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柔らかいセラミックオキシード電解質におけるブリッジング粒子間のLi+伝導

Wan-Ping Chen1,2, Hui Duan1, Ji-Lei Shi1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 12, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

セラミック粒子の新しいポリマーナノコーティングは,シントラされていない電解質のリチウムイオン (Li+) 伝導性を高めます. この突破により 性能と安定性が向上した 薄膜固体電池が実現しました

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 電気化学
  • 固体化学

背景:

  • 固体リチウム金属電池はエネルギー密度が高いが,壊れやすいセラミック電解質に問題がある.
  • 焼却セラミックは断裂強度が低く,薄膜電解質の製造とバッテリー操作を妨げます.
  • セラミック粉は粒子間のイオン輸送が悪いため,十分なイオン伝導性が欠けている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 非化セラミックオキシード電解質のLi+伝導性を高める方法の開発.
  • 固体電池用のセラミック材料の脆さと 低伝導性の限界を克服するためです
  • 先進的なリチウム金属電池のための薄膜電解質の製造を可能にします.

主な方法:

  • セラミックオキシド粒子 (例えば,Li7La3Zr2O12) を均一な結合ポリマーでコーティングする.
  • 固体核磁気共鳴を用いて,ポリマーナノコーティング形成とLi+経路を確認する.
  • 薄膜電解質 (<10μm) をポリマーコーティングされたセラミック粒子を使ってテープ鋳造で作る.

主要な成果:

  • ポリマーナノコーティングは,シントラされていない材料のセラミック粒子の間で効率的なLi +伝導経路を作成します.
  • テープで鋳造された薄膜電解質は,十分なイオン伝導性と高いLi + 移転数を示しています.
  • 開発された電解質は広い電気化学の窓を示し,Li/Li電池と完全固体Li金属電池で安定したサイクルを可能にします.

結論:

  • セラミック粒子のポリマーナノコーティングは,シントラされていない固体電解質のイオン伝導性を高めるための有効な戦略です.
  • このアプローチは,従来のセラミック電解質の脆さと伝導性の問題に対処します.
  • 開発された薄膜電解質は,次の世代の固体再充電可能なリチウム金属電池にとって有望です.