コロナウイルスや他の病原体に対するB細胞の共有記憶は,ヒトの年齢層と組織によって異なります

Fan Yang¹, Sandra C A Nielsen², Ramona A Hoh²

¹Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. sboyd1@stanford.edu fyang90@stanford.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 13, 2021

まとめ

B細胞の記憶形成と進化は,子供と成人に研究されました. 幼児期のB細胞の反応は重要なクロス反応性を示し,新しい感染症に対する将来の免疫を潜在的に改善します.

科学分野:

免疫学
ウイルス学
遺伝学

背景:

B細胞は免疫記憶に不可欠でワクチン接種や感染によって発達します
B細胞の記憶分布と年齢層の進化を理解することは免疫反応を予測するのに不可欠です

研究の目的:

小児と成人の集団の個体間で共有されるコンバージェントの抗原特異抗体遺伝子を調査する.
血液とリンパ性組織におけるクローン拡張とクラス切り替えを含むB細胞の記憶特性を比較する.

主な方法:

小児と成人の血液の分析
死んだ成人の臓器提供者の組織を検査する.
抗原特異性抗体遺伝子の配列化と比較により,収束するクローンを特定する.

主要な成果:

B細胞の記憶は,さまざまな病原体と年齢層によって有意に変化した.
成人は,血液と比較して,リンパ性組織でより高いクローン頻度とクラス切り替えを示した.
小児の血液は,限られたクロス反応性を持つSARS-CoV-2に反応するものを含め,クラスを切り替えた収束クローンが豊富に見られた.

結論:

幼児期のB細胞のクローン拡張とクロス反応が顕著で,新しい病原体に対する将来の反応に影響を与える可能性があります.
早期の免疫経験が長期の免疫形成に重要な役割を果たすことを示唆しています.

さらに関連する動画

15:57

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Published on: July 11, 2015

12.5K

09:07

Single-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations

Published on: August 22, 2019

11.1K

関連する概念動画

01:23

Immunological Memory

14.1K

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...

14.1K

01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

7.3K

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

7.3K

01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

1.6K

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

1.6K

01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

14.9K

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

14.9K

01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

79.1K