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関連する概念動画

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

434
Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
434
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

451
Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
451
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

9.7K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
9.7K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

3.1K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
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Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

3.9K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
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ミトコンドリアのNADP (H) 生成はプロリン生物合成に不可欠である

Jiajun Zhu1, Simon Schwörer1, Mirela Berisa2

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 23, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

ミトコンドリアのNADキナーゼ2 (NADK2) は,プロリン生物合成とコラーゲン生成に不可欠なNADP (H) を生成する. プロリンサプリメントは 細胞の成長を阻害します

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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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Author Spotlight: Oxygen-Independent Assays to Measure Mitochondrial Function in Mammals
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科学分野:

  • 生物化学
  • 細胞生物学
  • 代謝の調節

背景:

  • ニコチナミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸塩 (NADP+) とその縮小型 (NADPH) は,還元代謝に不可欠な共酵素である.
  • ミトコンドリアのNADP (H) ホメオスタシスは細胞機能に不可欠であり,NADキナーゼ2 (NADK2) は重要な生成体として特定されている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 細胞の代謝と増殖におけるNADK2によって生成されるミトコンドリアのNADP (H) の特定の役割を調査する.
  • NADK2欠乏が重要な代謝経路と細胞機能に与える影響を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • NADK2の消去によるヒト細胞系を利用した.
  • ミトコンドリアの葉酸とトリカルボキシル酸のサイクル活動を評価した.
  • 細胞増殖,酸化ストレス,プロリン生物合成,コラーゲン生成をモニターする.

主要な成果:

  • NADK2の消去は,最小限の媒介で細胞増殖を阻害し,プロリン補充によって救出された欠陥である.
  • NADK2によるミトコンドリアのNADP(H) 生成は,グルタミン酸の減少およびその後のプロリン生物合成に不可欠である.
  • ミトコンドリアにおけるNADP (H) の存在は,メゼンキマ細胞におけるコラーゲンタンパク質合成に影響する.

結論:

  • ミトコンドリアのNADK2に依存したNADP (H) 産生はプロリン生物合成に不可欠であり,細胞タンパク質合成をサポートする.
  • ミトコンドリアのNADP (H) プールは,メゼンキマ細胞によるコラーゲン生成に重要な役割を果たします.
  • NADK2は,ミトコンドリアのNADPの制御を通して,細胞の成長と生物合成プロセスの主要な調節剤である.