Mycobacterium abscessusの段階的な病原性進化について
Josephine M Bryant1,2, Karen P Brown1,3, Sophie Burbaud1
1Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 30, 2021
まとめ
Mycobacterium abscessusは水平遺伝子の移転と変異によって病原性を進化させ, cystic fibrosisの患者に影響を及ぼします. 早期治療のような介入は,進化する菌根病原体の拡散を制限することができます.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 進化生物学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- ミコバクテリアのほとんどは環境のサプロフィットですが,ミコバクテリアの結核のようにヒトの病気を引き起こすものもいます.
- 胞性線維症 (CF) 患者におけるMycobacterium abscessusの出現は,菌根病原性の進化についての洞察を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- マイコバクテリアの病原性進化における一般化可能なステップを定義する.
- 人間の宿主における環境性菌の病原性を高めるメカニズムを理解する.
主な方法:
- 全世界の cystic fibrosis 集団における Mycobacterium abscessus の拡散と進化の分析
- 横断的な遺伝子転送と,その後のウイルス性に影響を与える遺伝的変異の調査.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosisの進化と比較した分析
主要な成果:
- 横断的な遺伝子移転によって獲得された表遺伝子変形剤は,病原性の潜在能力を有意に増加させる.
- 慢性肺感染症の並列進化は,特定の遺伝子ネットワークの変異によって迅速な毒性の強化につながります.
- 変異は細胞内成長 (マクロファージ) を促進するが,フォマイトの生存率を低下させ,間接的な伝播によって進化を制限する.
結論:
- マイコバクテリアの病原性進化には,エピジェネティック・モディファイヤーの獲得と宿主環境への適応を含む,異なる段階が含まれています.
- 制限された進化は間接的な伝染で観察されるが,直接的な伝染 (M. 結核のように) は適応を加速させる可能性がある.
- 早期の治療と感染制御は,現在および新興の菌根病原体の拡散を制限するために不可欠です.
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