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関連する概念動画

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

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Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

Deciphering and Imaging Pathogenesis and Cording of Mycobacterium abscessus in Zebrafish Embryos
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Mycobacterium abscessusの段階的な病原性進化について

Josephine M Bryant1,2, Karen P Brown1,3, Sophie Burbaud1

  • 1Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

Mycobacterium abscessusは水平遺伝子の移転と変異によって病原性を進化させ, cystic fibrosisの患者に影響を及ぼします. 早期治療のような介入は,進化する菌根病原体の拡散を制限することができます.

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Identification of Virulence Markers of Mycobacterium abscessus for Intracellular Replication in Phagocytes
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Nov 7, 2025

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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • 進化生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • ミコバクテリアのほとんどは環境のサプロフィットですが,ミコバクテリアの結核のようにヒトの病気を引き起こすものもいます.
  • 胞性線維症 (CF) 患者におけるMycobacterium abscessusの出現は,菌根病原性の進化についての洞察を提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • マイコバクテリアの病原性進化における一般化可能なステップを定義する.
  • 人間の宿主における環境性菌の病原性を高めるメカニズムを理解する.

主な方法:

  • 全世界の cystic fibrosis 集団における Mycobacterium abscessus の拡散と進化の分析
  • 横断的な遺伝子転送と,その後のウイルス性に影響を与える遺伝的変異の調査.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosisの進化と比較した分析

主要な成果:

  • 横断的な遺伝子移転によって獲得された表遺伝子変形剤は,病原性の潜在能力を有意に増加させる.
  • 慢性肺感染症の並列進化は,特定の遺伝子ネットワークの変異によって迅速な毒性の強化につながります.
  • 変異は細胞内成長 (マクロファージ) を促進するが,フォマイトの生存率を低下させ,間接的な伝播によって進化を制限する.

結論:

  • マイコバクテリアの病原性進化には,エピジェネティック・モディファイヤーの獲得と宿主環境への適応を含む,異なる段階が含まれています.
  • 制限された進化は間接的な伝染で観察されるが,直接的な伝染 (M. 結核のように) は適応を加速させる可能性がある.
  • 早期の治療と感染制御は,現在および新興の菌根病原体の拡散を制限するために不可欠です.