前回のSARS-CoV-2感染は,最初のワクチンの投与後にB細胞とT細胞の反応を回復させます
Catherine J Reynolds1, Corinna Pade2, Joseph M Gibbons2
1Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 1, 2021
まとめ
一回接種したSARS-CoV-2ワクチンと以前の感染は,変種に対する免疫力を著しく高めます. ワクチン接種だけでは,B.1.1.7やB.1.351のような懸念される変種に対するクロス・プロテクションが少ない.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- ワクチン学
背景:
- 懸念されるSARS-CoV-2変種の急速な拡散は,ワクチンの有効性を脅かしています.
- 初期ワクチン接種後の免疫反応を理解することは,特に以前に感染した個体において,極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- Pfizer/BioNTech mRNAワクチン (BNT162b2) の単回投与により,医療従事者 (HCW) に与えられる交叉保護免疫を評価する.
- ワクチンの1回投与後,武漢-フー-1 SARS-CoV-2 感染前のHCWにおける免疫反応を比較する.
主な方法:
- HCWにおけるBNT162b2の最初の投与後のT細胞とB細胞の反応の縦断分析
- SARS-CoV-2変種 (B.1.1.7およびB.1.351) に対する抗体分泌する記憶B細胞および中和抗体の評価.
- ヒト白血球抗原 (HLA) ポリモルフィズムに関連したT細胞応答の評価
主要な成果:
- 以前感染した個人は,強化されたT細胞免疫,強固なB細胞応答,およびB.1. 1. 7およびB.1. 351に対して有効な中和抗体を,一回のワクチン投与後に示した.
- 以前の感染のないHCWは,ワクチン1回投与後にSARS-CoV-2変種に対する免疫力の低下を示した.
- 変異性スパイク変異は,HLAポリモルフィズムによって影響されたT細胞応答に差異的に影響を与えた.
結論:
- 過去に感染した個体に対するBNT162b2ワクチンの単一投与は,SARS-CoV-2変種に対する中和抗体の反応を大幅に強化します.
- 前回の感染は,新しい変種に対する最初のワクチン接種の有効性を大幅に高めます.
- 変異に対する免疫反応は複雑で,感染歴と宿主遺伝 (HLA) の両方によって影響を受けます.
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