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Microtubules in Signaling01:22

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
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脊椎動物の細胞は,シリアとエクストラシリアのcAMPを分別的に解釈する

Melissa E Truong1, Sara Bilekova2, Semil P Choksi1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Cell
|May 1, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

細胞はシリウムとサイトプラズマの信号を区別する. シリア循環型AMP (cAMP) は,特定のタンパク質キナーゼA (PKA) プール経由でヘッジホッグのシグナル伝達を阻害し,空間的なシグナル伝達特性を示します.

キーワード:
Gタンパク質結合受容体エジホグの信号cAMP について化学遺伝学開発オプトジェネティクス主要なニキビタンパク質キナーゼA信号変換

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • 分子信号
  • 臓器の機能

背景:

  • Gタンパク質結合受容体 (GPCRs) とヘッジホッグ経路の構成要素は,一次性乳毛に含まれています.
  • 細胞信号伝達には 重要な役割を果たします
  • GPCRシグナリングは,主シリウム内外の両方で発生します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 細胞がGタンパク質結合受容体 (GPCRs) のシリウム内と外部からの信号を区別するかどうかを判断する.
  • シリアとエクストラシリアのサイクルAMP (cAMP) が異なる情報を伝達するかどうかを調べる.
  • 細胞がサブセルラー信号伝達イベントを区別するために使用するメカニズムを特定する.

主な方法:

  • 特定のサブセルラー部位で周期的なAMP (cAMP) の生成を制御するための設計された光遺伝的および化学遺伝的ツール.
  • ゼブラフィッシュと哺乳類の細胞モデルで同じ量のシリアとサイトプラズマのcAMPを生成した.
  • 異なる細胞幾何学がエフェクタアクティベーションに与える影響を理解するためにモデリングを活用した.
  • タンパク質キナーゼA (PKA) のシリアとエクストラシリアのプールが特定され,機能的に試験された.

主要な成果:

  • シリアのcAMPは サイトプラズマのcAMPは 信号伝達を阻害した
  • シリウムと細胞体の異なる細胞幾何学は,局所的なエフェクターを差異的に活性化することを示唆した.
  • シリウム内に特定のタンパク質キナーゼA (PKA) が確認された.
  • 皮PKAを遮断し,皮PKAを遮断せず,ヘッジホッグのシグナリングを活性化し,皮cAMPの効果を逆転させた.

結論:

  • 細胞は,シリアーとエクストラシリアーサイクルAMP (cAMP) 信号を区別する.
  • 機能的にも空間的にも異なるタンパク質キナーゼA (PKA) が,この細胞差別を媒介する.
  • 独特の情報を伝達し,ヘッジホッグのような下流の信号伝達経路に影響します