DHODH媒介によるフェロプトーシス防御は,がんにおける標的となる脆弱性である
Chao Mao1, Xiaoguang Liu1, Yilei Zhang1
1Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Nature
|May 13, 2021
まとめ
デヒドロロ酸脱水素酶 (DHODH) は,腫瘍抑制に不可欠な細胞死経路であるフェロプトーシスに対するミトコンドリア防御として作用する. DHODHをターゲットにすることで 癌治療の新たな戦略が生まれます
科学分野:
- 細胞 死 の 仕組み
- 癌 生物学
- 生物化学
背景:
- フェロプトーシスは,腫瘍抑制メカニズムとして作用する脂質過酸化によって制御された細胞死である.
- グルタチオン過酸化酵素4 (GPX4) とフェロプトーシス抑制タンパク質1 (FSP1) は,フェロプトーシスに対する重要な防御システムです.
- GPX4阻害剤は,N-カルバモイル-L-アスパルテートを枯渇させ,ピリミジン生物合成に影響を与え,フェロプトーシスに影響を与えます.
研究 の 目的:
- フェロプトーシスの調節におけるディヒドロロ酸脱水酵素 (DHODH) の役割を調査する.
- DHODHとGPX4の相互作用と,がん細胞のフェロプトーシスへの影響について調べる.
- DHODH阻害剤を潜在的ながん治療戦略として評価する.
主な方法:
- ガン細胞モデルでGPX4阻害剤とDHODH調節剤 (ディヒドロロート,オロート,ブレキナー) を利用した.
- フェロプトーシス誘導,脂質過酸化,およびピリミジン生物合成の中間物質の評価
- ミトコンドリア内のDHODHの局所と機能を調査した.
主要な成果:
- DHODHの無活性化により,GPX4が低いがん細胞のフェロプトーシスが誘発され,GPX4が高いがん細胞の誘発剤と相乗効果が生じます.
- DHODHは細胞内GPX4とFSP1とは独立して機能し,ミトコンドリア内膜におけるフェロプトーシスを阻害する.
- DHODHは,ウビキノンをウビキノールに還元し,それによってフェロプトーシスを防止します.
- DHODH阻害剤のブレキナールは,フェロプトーシスによってGPX4が少ない腫瘍の成長を選択的に抑制する.
- ブレキナールとスルファサラジンの併用はフェロプトーシスを誘発し,GPX4濃度の高い腫瘍の成長を抑制する.
結論:
- ミトコンドリアに局限した DHODH媒介のフェロプトーシス防衛機構を特定した.
- DHODHはミトコンドリアGPX4と並行してフェロプトーシスを予防します.
- DHODHをターゲットにすることは,特に組み合わせた治療において,がん治療の有望な治療戦略です.
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