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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test

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Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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結腸癌のスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明

, Karina W Davidson1, Michael J Barry2

  • 1Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.

JAMA
|May 18, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

結腸直腸がんのスクリーニングは50~75歳の成人に大きな利益をもたらし,45~49歳の成人に中程度の利益をもたらします. 選択的スクリーニングは,以前にスクリーニングされた76~85歳の成人に有益である.

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科学分野:

  • 予防 医療
  • 腫瘍学
  • 公衆衛生

背景:

  • 結腸直腸がん (CRC) は,米国における癌による死亡の主な原因であり,若い成人の罹患率が増加しています.
  • 有資格の成人の有意な割合は CRCのスクリーニングを更新していない.
  • 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) はCRCのスクリーニング勧告を更新しました.

研究 の 目的:

  • 40歳以上の成人のCRCスクリーニングの利益と害を評価する.
  • 年齢,性別,人種/民族によってスクリーニングの有効性の変動を調べる.
  • 異なるスクリーニング戦略によって得られた寿命と予防されたCRC症例/死亡に関するモデリングデータを提供する.

主な方法:

  • CRCスクリーニングの利点と害に関する証拠の体系的なレビュー
  • 癌介入と監視モデリングネットワーク (CISNET) の結腸癌ワーキンググループによる比較モデリング.
  • 様々な年齢でスクリーニング戦略を分析する.

主要な成果:

  • 50歳から75歳の成人のCRCスクリーニングの実質的な純利益の高い確実性.
  • 45歳から49歳までの成人のCRCスクリーニングにおける中程度の純利益の確実性.
  • 以前検診を受けた76歳から85歳の成人の純利益は小さく,検診を受けていない個人はより恩恵を受ける可能性が高い.

結論:

  • USPSTFは,50歳から75歳までのすべての成人のCRCスクリーニングを推奨しています (A推奨).
  • USPSTFは,45歳から49歳の成人のCRCスクリーニングを推奨しています (B勧告).
  • USPSTFは,76歳から85歳の成人の選択的スクリーニングを,個人の健康と病歴を考慮して推奨しています (C推奨).