2020年の夏にヨーロッパに広がったSARS-CoV-2の変種
Emma B Hodcroft1,2,3, Moira Zuber4, Sarah Nadeau5,6
1Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. emma.hodcroft@ispm.unibe.ch.
Nature
|June 7, 2021
まとめ
新しいSARS-CoV-2変種である20E (EU1) は2020年夏にヨーロッパ中に急速に広がった. その成功は 伝染性の増加ではなく 移動と地域の状況によって引き起こされました
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 流行病学について
- ゲノム 監視
背景:
- 2019年後半にSARS-CoV-2 (重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2) の出現と世界的な感染拡大は,ウイルスゲノム配列の遺伝子解析による詳細な追跡を必要とした.
- ウイルスの初期拡散に伴い,大陸間旅行は大幅に減少したが,欧州内旅行は2020年夏に再開された.
研究 の 目的:
- スペインで特定された20E (EU1) と指定された特定のSARS-CoV-2変種の発生と拡散を調査する.
- 20E (EU1) 変種が伝染性の高さか,またはその拡散が他の疫学的な要因の影響を受けたかどうかを決定する.
主な方法:
- SARS-CoV-2 ゲノム配列の系統分析
- 流行病学的なモデリングにより,移動と局所的な状況が変種の拡散に与える影響を評価する.
- 20E (EU1) 変種の導入と拡散を追跡するためのゲノム監視.
主要な成果:
- 20E (EU1) 変種は2020年初夏にスペインで確認され,その後ヨーロッパ中に広がった.
- 20E (EU1) は,他の流通している変種と比較して,より高い感染率を持っていることを示唆する証拠は見つかりませんでした.
- 変種の急速な拡散は,スペインでの発生率の上昇,旅行の再開,不十分なスクリーニングと封じ込め措置を含む要因に起因した.
結論:
- 20E (EU1) 変異体の優位性は,重要な伝播優位性なくとも,好ましい疫学的環境で変異体が迅速に拡散することを強調しています.
- 旅行の再開は,欧州諸国への20E (EU1) 変種の導入を容易にし,現地での管理努力を弱体化させました.
- ゲノムによる監視は,SARS-CoV-2の伝播における移動の役割を理解し,将来の効果的な封じ込め戦略を開発するために重要である.
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