主要な嗅覚皮質における表現のドリフト
Carl E Schoonover1, Sarah N Ohashi2,3, Richard Axel4
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ces2001@columbia.edu.
Nature
|June 10, 2021
まとめ
匂いに対する 嗅覚皮質の反応は不安定で 数週間で大きく変化します ピリフォームド皮質の不安定さは 安定した匂い知覚におけるその役割に挑戦し 他の脳領域でも共通している可能性があります
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 嗅覚系の研究
- 感覚 の 認識
背景:
- 感覚の定常性は 感覚の入力に対する 安定した脳表現に依存しています
- ピリフォームド皮質 (嗅覚皮質) は,匂いのアイデンティティをコードすると考えられています.
研究 の 目的:
- マウスのピリフォームム皮質における 匂いが誘発する神経反応の安定性を 長期にわたって調査する.
- 恐怖の条件付けや 繰り返し匂いを嗅ぐことが これらの反応を安定させることができるか
主な方法:
- マウスの皮質の単一のユニットの 電気生理学的記録を数週間にわたって行いました
- 経時的に匂いを識別する性能を評価するために,線形分類器を使用します.
- 恐怖の条件付けと日常の匂いへの曝露のパラダイムを実装する.
主要な成果:
- ピリフォームド皮質の匂いが誘発した反応は 数日から数週間にわたって顕著に変化した.
- 初期応答で訓練された分類器は 32日後に確率レベルに近づくまで 精度を失いました
- 恐怖の条件付けも 匂いへの日常的な曝露も 反応の偏移を防ぐことはできませんでした
結論:
- ピリフォームド皮質は 匂いが誘発する反応の 継続的なドリフトを示し 安定した匂い知覚における その役割に疑問を呈しています
- この神経の不安定さは 皮質の構造化されていない接続性の特徴かもしれません
- このような不安定さは他の構造化されていない皮質領域に共通する特性かもしれません
関連する概念動画
01:25Olfaction
46.4K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
46.4K
01:20Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway
10.3K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
The olfactory...
10.3K
01:03Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure
10.0K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
10.0K
01:14Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
5.4K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
5.4K
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
7.3K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
7.3K
01:33Somatosensation
41.3K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
41.3K