バイフィドバクテリア媒介の免疫系が生命の初期にインプリントされる
Bethany M Henrick1, Lucie Rodriguez2, Tadepally Lakshmikanth2
1Evolve BioSystems, Inc., Davis, CA 95618, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA.
Cell
|June 18, 2021
まとめ
ビフィドバクテリア・インファンティスのような 早期の有益な細菌は 免疫系の発達に不可欠です 栄養補充は 乳児の炎症や免疫機能不調を軽減し 健康的な免疫反応を促進します
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 免疫学
- 人間 の 健康
背景:
- 早期の免疫-微生物の相互作用が 長期的な健康を形作り アレルギーや炎症性疾患に影響を与えます
- 哺乳は有益な微生物のコミュニティと 宿主の免疫システムの発達を促進します
- ビフィドバクテリアのような 有益なバクテリアは 現代社会で減少しています
研究 の 目的:
- ビフィドバクテリア,特にそのヒトミルクオリゴサカライド (HMO) 利用遺伝子と生命の初期における免疫状態との関連を調査する.
- 乳児にBifidobacterium infantis EVC001を投与すると,免疫反応にどのような影響があるかを調べる.
主な方法:
- HMO利用遺伝子の存在を評価するメタゲノムデータの分析.
- ビフィドバクテリア・インファントス (Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001) を摂取した乳児を対象とした臨床試験
- 腸内サイトカイン (Th2,Th17) とインターフェロンβ (IFNβ) の測定
- インドルラクタートとインドル3乳酸 (ILA) を含む糞水の代謝物の分析
主要な成果:
- 腸内微生物のHMO利用遺伝子の枯渇は全身の炎症と免疫機能の不調に関連しています.
- ビフィドバクテリア・インファンティス (Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001) を摂取すると,腸内Th2およびTh17サイトカインが静止され,IFNβが誘発された.
- 乳児の腸内細菌由来インデロラクタとILAは,特定のT細胞集団における免疫調節ガレクチン- 1を上調した.
結論:
- ビフィドバクテリア・インファンティスは 幼少期における免疫ホメオスタシスに 重要な役割を果たします
- HMOを利用するバクテリアは 免疫機能の異常や炎症を防ぐのに不可欠です
- ILAのような微生物代謝物は,乳児における有益な免疫調節効果を媒介する.
関連する概念動画
Development of Immunocompetence
539
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
539
Imprinting
10.3K
Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
10.3K
Anatomy of the Intestines
84.6K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
84.6K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
35.8K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
35.8K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.7K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.7K
Immunological Memory
12.7K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
12.7K


