内生レトロウイルスは,微生物群に対するホメオスタティックおよび炎症反応を促進する
Djalma S Lima-Junior1, Siddharth R Krishnamurthy2, Nicolas Bouladoux2
1Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cell
|June 24, 2021
まとめ
皮膚の微生物群は内生レトロウイルス (ERV) を誘発し,免疫細胞を活性化する. この相互作用は,食事によって影響を受け,宿主の免疫,組織修復,炎症制御に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 微生物学
- ウイルス学
背景:
- 皮膚の微生物群は宿主の免疫に不可欠ですが,その免疫調節メカニズムは不明です.
- 内生レトロウイルス (ERV) は宿主ゲノムに不可欠であり,免疫における役割はまだ明らかになっていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 内生レトロウイルス (ERV) による宿主免疫の調節における皮膚微生物群の役割を調査する.
- 微生物群が誘発するERV発現に関与するシグナル伝達経路と細胞反応を解明する.
- 免疫反応と組織ホメオスタシスに対するERVの影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- ネズミの皮膚微生物群とERV発現の分析
- サイクルGMP-AMP合成酵素 (cGAS) /インターフェロン遺伝子タンパク質 (STING) シグナル伝達を含むケラチノサイト内部の反応を調査する.
- 免疫反応と組織修復に対する ERV リバーストランスクリプションの抑制効果の評価
- ERV発現と免疫アウトカムに対する脂質豊富な食事の影響を評価する.
主要な成果:
- 皮膚の微生物群は,内生レトロウイルス (ERV) の特定の発現をケラチノサイトに誘導する.
- ERVの反応はcGAS/STINGのシグナル伝達に依存し,共生特異のT細胞誘導を促進する.
- ERVの逆転写を阻害すると,免疫機能と組織修復機能が低下する.
- 脂質に富んだ食事はERVの発現を高め,免疫反応と炎症を増加させます.
結論:
- ホストは内生性ウイルス群 (ERVs) を利用して外生性微生物群と通信する.
- この多領域の対話は 組織ホメオスタシスと炎症のバランスをとる上で 極めて重要です
- この相互作用を調節し,免疫反応と皮膚の健康に影響を与えます.
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