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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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空気中の太陽光によるコンジューゲートポリマーの完全な分解

Sidan Tian1, Qiang Yue1, Chenchen Liu2

  • 1National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者達は新しいプラスチック ポリデカ-4,6-ダイネディオ酸 (PDDA) を開発しました 太陽光と空気で自然分解します この環境に優しい結合ポリマーは 生体適合性のあるサクシン酸に分解され 電子廃棄物の持続可能な解決策となります

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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • ポリマー化学
  • 環境科学

背景:

  • デジタル技術における特殊プラスチックへの需要の増加は,持続的な使用終了ソリューションを必要とします.
  • 結合ポリマーは柔軟な電子機器に不可欠ですが,持続性のために環境上の課題を提起します.
  • 消費後の結合ポリマーの効果的なリサイクルと分解戦略は緊急に必要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 環境に自己分解性のある結合ポリマーの発見と特徴付け
  • 新しいポリマーの分解メカニズムと製品を調査する.
  • 電子プラスチック廃棄物の管理に持続可能なアプローチを確立する.

主な方法:

  • ポリデカ-4,6-ジネディオ酸 (PDDA) の合成と特徴付け
  • 暗闇/無酸素条件下でのPDDA安定性の評価
  • 製品分析を含む,日光と空気への曝露によるPDDAの分解の評価

主要な成果:

  • PDDAは,機能的な材料での使用中に安定性を示しています.
  • PDDAは,日光と空気にさらされると,急速に光酸化し,1週間以内に完全に分解します.
  • 主要な分解産物は生物互換性のあるサクシン酸で,付加価値の化学物質です.

結論:

  • PDDAは先駆的な環境的に自己分解性のある結合ポリマーです.
  • マイクロプラスチックの残留なしにグリーンアップサイクリング製品 (サッキン酸) に完全な分解が達成されます.
  • この研究は,消費後の結合ポリマーの完全な自然分解のための新しい戦略を提供します.