SARS-CoV-2 mRNA ワクチンは,ヒトの生殖中心に持続的な反応を誘発する

Jackson S Turner¹, Jane A O'Halloran², Elizaveta Kalaidina³

¹Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.

Nature

|June 28, 2021

まとめ

SARS-CoV-2 mRNAワクチンは,生殖中心のB細胞の持続的な反応を誘発する. これは強い抗体免疫を生成し,COVID-19とその変種に対する持続的な保護に不可欠です.

科学分野:

免疫学
ワクチン学

背景:

SARS-CoV-2 mRNAワクチンは,COVID-19に対して高い有効性を示しています.
mRNAワクチン接種後の抗体分泌プラズマブラストと生殖中心のB細胞を含むB細胞反応の正確な動態は,まだ完全に理解されていません.

研究の目的:

BNT162b2 mRNAワクチン接種後の周辺血液および排水リンパ節の抗原特異B細胞動態を調査する.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNAワクチン接種によって生成されたB細胞のフェノタイプと抗体結合特性を特徴付ける.

主な方法:

2回のBNT162b2ワクチンを接種した患者の周回血液と細針吸血液の分析
SARS-CoV-2のスパイク (S) タンパク質に結合する循環中のプラズマブラストとB細胞の定量化.
ゲルミナルセンターB細胞から派生したモノクローン抗体の特徴化.

主要な成果:

循環中のSタンパク質特異性プラズマブラストは2回目の投与から1週間後にピークに達し,3週間以内に減少した.
細菌中心のB細胞がSタンパク質に結合することは,初回免疫後にリンパ節の排水で検出され,ブースター接種後少なくとも12週間持続しました.
ゲルミナルセンターB細胞からのモノクローナル抗体は,主にSタンパク質の受容体結合領域を標的とし,他のベータコロナウイルスに対するクロス反応性がある.

結論:

SARS-CoV-2 mRNAワクチン接種は,ヒトにおける持続的な生殖中心B細胞応答を誘発する.
この持続的な生殖中心の反応は,SARS-CoV-2およびその変種に対する強固で潜在的に長期にわたる体内免疫を生成するために重要である.

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