腸内微生物群の遺伝性はほぼ普遍的だが,環境によるものである
Laura Grieneisen1, Mauna Dasari2, Trevor J Gould3
1Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. lgrienei@umn.edu blekhman@umn.edu earchie@nd.edu jenny.tung@duke.edu.
まとめ
ホストの遺伝子は腸内微生物に大きく影響し 野生のバビオンの特徴の97%が遺伝性である. 腸内微生物群に及ぼす遺伝的影響は 季節,食事,宿主の年齢によって変化します
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 遺伝学
- エコロジー
背景:
- 腸内微生物群の類似性は親戚で観察されていますが,宿主遺伝子の貢献と共有された環境は依然として議論されています.
- 腸内微生物の構成要因を理解することは ホストの健康と進化にとって極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 野生の集団における腸内微生物の表型遺伝性を調査する.
- 宿主の遺伝子が 腸内微生物群を 時間の経過とともに どの程度 形作っているかを 判断するためです
主な方法:
- 585匹の野生バビオンの腸内微生物を 14年にわたって分析しました
- 食事,年齢,社会生態学的要因を制御するために統計モデルを使用した.
- 様々な微生物の遺伝性を定量化した.
主要な成果:
- ほぼすべての (97%) 微生物群のフェノタイプが有意な遺伝性を示した.
- 遺伝性は一般的に低いが,乾燥期に増加し,食事の多様性が低下し,高齢のバビオンは増加した.
- 縦断データと大きなサンプルサイズが,遺伝性の正確な推定に不可欠でした.
結論:
- 宿主の遺伝子は 腸内微生物の形成に ほぼ普遍的な役割を果たします
- 微生物群の遺伝性はダイナミックで,環境や宿主要因の影響を受けます.
- これらの発見は,宿主の微生物群の特徴に作用する自然選択の可能性を示唆しています.
関連する概念動画
Heritability
382
Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
382
Anatomy of the Intestines
84.5K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
84.5K
Gene-Environment Interactions
757
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
757
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.9K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.9K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
795
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
795
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs
689
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
689


