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腸内微生物群を標的とした食事は,ヒトの免疫状態を調節する.

Hannah C Wastyk1, Gabriela K Fragiadakis2, Dalia Perelman3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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|July 13, 2021
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まとめ

食物繊維と発酵食品は 腸内微生物と免疫反応に 異なる影響を及ぼします 発酵食品は 炎症を軽減し 微生物の多様性を高め 工業化社会に有益です

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CAZymes についてCyTOF について発酵食品繊維を摂る免疫システム免疫系プロファイリング炎症微生物群栄養についてプロテオミクス

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科学分野:

  • 微生物群の研究
  • 免疫学
  • 栄養学

背景:

  • ダイエットは腸内微生物の組成と機能に大きな影響を与えます
  • 腸内微生物群は 宿主の免疫系を調節する上で 重要な役割を果たします
  • 特定の食事の介入が 微生物群と免疫系に与える影響を 理解することが不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • 植物性繊維と発酵食品が健康な成人の微生物群と免疫系に及ぼす影響を調査する.
  • マイクロバイオームの組成,機能,宿主の免疫反応の食事特有の変化を特定する.
  • 基礎微生物群の多様性と食事介入後の免疫経路の関係を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 17週間のランダム化,前向きな研究で,繊維が多い食事と発酵食品が多い食事 (n=18/arm) が実施された.
  • 微生物群 (炭水化物活性酵素 (CAZymes) を含む) の総合的な測定と宿主免疫プロフィール.
  • 微生物の多様性,炎症マーカー,およびサイトカイン応答の長期的モニタリング.

主要な成果:

  • 繊維が多い食事は微生物群にコードされたCAZymesを増加させたが,微生物多様性やサイトカイン応答スコアを変化させなかった.
  • 繊維が豊富な消費者の間で3つの異なる免疫的経路が観察され,これは初期微生物群の多様性と相関しています.
  • 発酵性の高い食事は 微生物の多様性を着実に増やし 炎症マーカーの減少につながりました
  • 食事による介入は 微生物群と免疫系に 特定の食事による影響を及ぼしました

結論:

  • 腸内微生物群を標的とした食事の介入は 免疫系の反応を 食事特有の方法で調整することができます
  • 発酵食品は 微生物群の多様性の減少と 工業化された食事に関連した炎症の増大を 抵消する可能性を 示しています
  • 長期微生物群と免疫プロファイリングと食事の介入は,宿主-微生物-食事の相互作用に関する個別化された集団全体の洞察を提供します.