ELAVL4,スプライシング,およびグルタマタージック機能障害は,MAPT変異の脳オーガノイドにおけるニューロン喪失に先行する
Kathryn R Bowles1, M Catarina Silva2, Kristen Whitney3
1Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA.
Cell
|July 27, 2021
まとめ
フロントテンポラル認知症 (FTD) 研究では,幹細胞モデルを用いて,早期のタウの蓄積とニューロン喪失に先立つグルタミン酸経路の変化を明らかにしています. PIKFYVE阻害剤は,変異性ニューロンのグルタミン酸毒性の救済に有望であることが示されました.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 幹細胞生物学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- フロントテンポラル認知症 (FTD) は,MAPT変異と関連しており,不明なメカニズムによってタウ病変と神経死を引き起こす.
- 早期の分子現象を理解することは,効果的なFTD治療法の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 神経変異に先立つMAPT変異 (tau-V337M) を有するヒト誘発多能幹細胞 (iPSC) に由来する早期の細胞および分子変異を調査する.
- FTDの潜在的治療標的を特定する.
主な方法:
- タウ-V337Mと同位体対照を発現するiPSC由来脳器官の生成と長期培養
- 遺伝子発現,スプライシング,タンパク質集積 (tau,P-tau-S396),ストレス粒,オートファジー機能,およびグルタミン酸毒性に対する神経細胞の脆弱性の分析.
- PIKFYVEキナーゼ阻害剤 (アピリモド) を用いた薬学的救助実験
主要な成果:
- 変異したオルガノイドは,MAPT,グルタマタージックシグナル伝達経路,ELAVL4の早期アップレギュレーションを示し,2ヶ月後にストレス粒子が増加した.
- スプライシングの変化の漸進的な蓄積,オートファギーの障害,およびtau/ P-tau- S396の蓄積は6ヶ月間にわたって発生した.
- アピリモドで救助された変異したオーガノイドでは,グルタマテージニューロンの特定の損失とグルタマテ毒性に対する感受性の増加が観察されました.
結論:
- MAPT変異によって引き起こされるFTDでは,グルタミン酸経路の調節不全を含む分子イベントの明確なシーケンスが先行する.
- グルタマートシグナル伝達経路はFTDの有望な治療目標です.
- アピリモドは,FTDにおけるグルタミン酸毒性を軽減する治療薬として潜在性を示しています.
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