微生物 は 腸内 の 皮質 細胞 の 死 に よっ て 放出 さ れる 栄養素 を 活用 する
Christopher J Anderson1,2, Christopher B Medina3, Brady J Barron3
1VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
Nature
|August 5, 2021
まとめ
腸内細菌 特に腸内細菌は 死ぬ哺乳類の細胞から放出される栄養素で繁栄します この発見により 腸の健康と病気に影響を与える 新しいメカニズムが明らかになりました
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 細胞生物学
- 胃腸内科
背景:
- 調節された細胞死は生物の恒常性にとって不可欠であり,その調節不良は胃腸病変と関連しています.
- 細胞死と微生物の関与による腸疾患の関係が知られているが,細胞死が細菌の成長に与える直接的な影響は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内細菌の増殖に 哺乳類の細胞が死滅する直接的な影響を 調べるため
- バクテリアがアポプトシス細胞から栄養素を搾取するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- マウスの小腸組織,マウスとヒトの細胞系,様々なアポプトシストリガーを利用した.
- 常規のマウスと細菌のないマウスを in vivo 試験に使用した.
- サルモネラ菌の転写反応を分析し,植民に関与する重要な遺伝子を特定した.
主要な成果:
- カスパース3/7依存アポトーシスで放出される哺乳類の栄養素は,Enterobacteriaceaeの成長を著しく促進する.
- 食物感染,TNF/A20依存性細胞死,化学療法による粘膜炎のモデルにおける細菌のコロニー化にとって重要な遺伝子として,ピルバートホルマテリアゼ (pflB) を特定した.
- 死亡する細胞の栄養素が病原性サルモネラに核転写反応を誘発することを示した.
結論:
- 死ぬ哺乳類の細胞は 腸内細菌 特に腸内細菌にとって強力な燃料となる 栄養素を放出します
- この宿主-病原体の相互作用は 腸内炎症や 細胞毒性化学療法のような治療の影響を 新しい視点から捉えます
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