関連する実験動画
Updated: Oct 25, 2025
06:14
Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
Published on: July 30, 2020
5.1K
極光による木星の地球上の上層大気温上昇
J O'Donoghue1,2, L Moore3, T Bhakyapaibul3
1Department of Solar System Science, JAXA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan. jameso@ac.jaxa.jp.
Nature
|August 5, 2021
まとめ
木星
科学分野:
- 惑星科学
- 大気物理学
- 宇宙物理学
背景:
- 木星の上層大気は予期せぬほど熱いので 極地帯にオーロラエネルギーが集中している.
- オーロラエネルギーは高緯度で閉じ込められ 重力や音波のような 代替熱源の研究を促しています
- 以前の研究では,惑星全体の高解像度データが不足し,木星の気温のグラデーションと 主要な熱源を決定することができなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 木星の大気圏上の 地球全体の気温の変動を調べるため
- 木星の大気温分布を 決定する熱源を特定する
- オーロラエネルギー再分配の仮説と 下層大気波の加熱を テストするために
主な方法:
- 木星の赤外線スペクトロスコピーは,高空間解像度 (緯度と経度2度) で行われた.
- 観測は極から赤道まで全惑星をカバーしました
- データ分析は,温度グラデーションをマッピングし,大規模な熱構造を特定することに焦点を当てました.
主要な成果:
- 極光地域から赤道に向かって気温が着実に低下することがわかりました.
- オーロラから広がる可能性のある 太陽風の活動が強化された期間に 高温で惑星規模の構造が観察されました
- これらの発見は 過去のモデルに異議を唱え オーロラ活動と 地球全体の気温との関連を示唆しています
結論:
- 木星の上層大気は主にオーロラからのエネルギーの再分配によって加熱されます.
- オーロラエネルギーは 高緯度では完全に閉じ込められず 地球全体の温度に影響します
- この研究は木星の大気中の支配的なエネルギー転送メカニズムに関する重要な観測証拠を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:50Global Climate Change
26.4K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
26.4K
01:21Joule-Thomson Effect
6.4K
The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
6.4K
02:44Heating and Cooling Curves
24.9K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
24.9K
01:24Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets
4.5K
The gravitational acceleration of an object near the Earth's surface is called the acceleration due to gravity. It can be measured by conducting simple experiments on Earth. However, such an experiment is impossible to conduct on the surface of other planets.
Astronomical observations are thus used to measure the acceleration due to gravity on other planets. This can be determined by observing the effect of a planet's gravity on objects close to it. The crucial factor that helps in this...
Astronomical observations are thus used to measure the acceleration due to gravity on other planets. This can be determined by observing the effect of a planet's gravity on objects close to it. The crucial factor that helps in this...
4.5K
01:19Mechanism of heat transfer
1.5K
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
1.5K
01:18Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas
3.5K
When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
3.5K