分泌されるペクチン・モノオキシゲナーゼは,病原性オオミセトによる植物感染を誘発する
Federico Sabbadin1, Saioa Urresti2, Bernard Henrissat3,4,5
1Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. federico.sabbadin@york.ac.uk simon.mcqueenmason@york.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 13, 2021
まとめ
研究者らは植物病原体である Phytophthora infestans において,銅に依存するリチ性ポリサカリド単酸化酵素 (LPMOs) を発見した. これらの酵素は植物細胞壁のペクチンを分解し,感染と作物の損傷に不可欠な毒性因子として作用します.
科学分野:
- 植物病理学
- 分子生物学
- 生物化学
背景:
- Phytophthora infestansは重要な作物病原体であり,植物病原体相互作用のモデルである.
- オオミセットは 破壊的な植物病を引き起こし 世界的な食糧安全保障に影響を与えます
研究 の 目的:
- オオミセトにおける新たな毒性因子を特定し,特徴づけること.
- Phytophthora infestansの感染におけるリチウムポリサカリドモノオキシゲナーゼ (LPMOs) の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 感染時の遺伝子発現分析
- 酵素活性を決定する生化学的測定法
- LPMOsの結晶構造の決定
- 遺伝子サイレンス実験で P. インフェスタンス
主要な成果:
- 植物病原性オオミセトで,銅に依存するLPMOの一族が発見されました.
- LPMO遺伝子はP. infestans感染の初期にアップレギュレーションされます.
- 分泌されるLPMOsは,植物細胞壁に酸化的にペクチンを割ります.
- 結晶構造はペクチン結合と分解のメカニズムを明らかにした.
- P. infestansのLPMO遺伝子を静止すると,ジャガイモの感染が減った.
結論:
- LPMOsは病原性オオミセトにおける新たな毒性因子である.
- LPMOsによるペクトンの分解は,P. infestansの宿主への浸透に不可欠です.
- この発見は作物保護戦略に 新たな道を開きます
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