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A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
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暑い天気と極端な暑さ:健康へのリスク
Kristie L Ebi1, Anthony Capon2, Peter Berry3
1Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 22, 2021
まとめ
極端な高温は健康に重大な危険をもたらし 死亡率を増やし 世界中で何十億もの人の 労働能力を低下させています 暑さ対策計画を実行することで 暑さに関連する多くの病気や死亡を防ぐことができます
科学分野:
- 環境 健康
- 労働衛生について
- 気候科学
背景:
- 極端な暑さや熱ストレスが 世界的に増加しており,公衆衛生や労働者の生産性に リスクをもたらしています.
- 世界の人口のほぼ半分と10億人以上の労働者が 高温に晒され,その3分の1が健康に悪影響を及ぼします.
- 気候変動は熱に関連した危険を悪化させ,特に熱帯地域では 罹病率と死亡率を増加させると予測されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 暑い環境が健康と生産性に及ぼす影響を強調する.
- 過剰な死亡と暑さによる健康リスクの予防可能な性質を強調する.
- 熱の危険に影響を与える他の世界的な傾向との気候変動の相互作用について議論する.
主な方法:
- 熱ストレスの影響に関する既存の文献のレビュー
- 世界の人口と労働者の被曝データ分析
- 熱による罹病率と死亡率の予測傾向の検討
主要な成果:
- 暑い環境は死亡率や 発症率や 妊娠の不良の結果を高め 精神的健康に悪影響を及ぼします
- 高い熱ストレスにより 身体的労働能力と運動認知能力が低下し 生産性と労働健康に 影響を及ぼします
- 温暖化に伴うリスクは気候変動とともに増加し,生理学的耐熱限界を超えると予測されています.
結論:
- 過剰な死亡と熱に関連した健康リスクは 行動戦略や生体物理学的戦略を含む熱対策計画によって予防できます
- 都市部の熱は,人為的な熱と建築物の廃棄熱によって増幅されます.
- 研究とリスク管理への投資がなければ,適応の努力にもかかわらず,熱に関連した罹病率と死亡率が上昇する可能性が高い.
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