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関連する概念動画

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

7.1K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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piRNA ターゲティングの構造的基礎

Todd A Anzelon1, Saikat Chowdhury1,2, Siobhan M Hughes1

  • 1Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Nature
|September 2, 2021
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

PIWIタンパク質は,PIWIと相互作用するRNA (piRNAs) を使用して,移植可能な要素を静止させ,ゲノムの完全性を維持します. マイクロRNA (miRNA) とは異なり,piRNAは初期相互作用が弱く,正確な標的とゲノム防御を保証する.

さらに関連する動画

Application of RNA Interference in the Pinewood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • PIWIタンパク質とPIWI相互作用RNA (piRNA) は,移植可能な要素を静止し,世代を超えてゲノムの完全性を維持するために不可欠です.
  • PIWI-piRNAターゲティングのメカニズムは,マイクロRNA (miRNA) を使用したアルゴナウトタンパク質と比較されることが多いが,類似点と違いは不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • PIWI-piRNAの標的認識の構造的基礎を解明する.
  • piRNA と miRNA の標的認識メカニズムを比較する.

主な方法:

  • PIWI-piRNA複合体の構造を決定するための冷凍電子顕微鏡 (冷凍-EM)
  • PIWI-piRNA-標的RNAの相互作用の生化学分析

主要な成果:

  • PIWIタンパク質は,アルゴナウトタンパク質と同様に,piRNAシード領域を通じて標的を認識します.
  • PIWI-piRNAの相互作用は弱いシードを示すが,広範囲のペアリングを必要とし,miRNAと比較して乱交性を減少させる.
  • PIWI構造は不一致耐性ペアリングを容易にし,活動のために拡張されたデュプレックスを必要とし,ターゲティングの忠誠性を確保し,オフターゲットの影響を最小限に抑えます.

結論:

  • PIWIタンパク質は,ミRNAメカニズムとは異なる弱いシードと広範なペアリングを含むユニークな標的認識戦略を採用しています.
  • このメカニズムは,細胞のmRNAへのオフターゲット結合を最小限に抑えながら,移植可能な要素に対してPIWIが効果的に防御することを可能にします.