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細胞間CRISPRスクリーンは,がん細胞のファゴシトーシスの調節体を明らかにします
Roarke A Kamber1, Yoko Nishiga1,2,3, Bhek Morton1
1Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nature
|September 9, 2021
まとめ
研究者らは,脂肪細胞の血関連タンパク質 (APMAP) が,がん細胞がマクロファージのファゴシトーシスを回避する重要な要因であると特定した. APMAPの喪失は,免疫療法による癌細胞の除去を促進し,新しい治療戦略を提供します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 癌 生物学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- モノクローナル抗体療法では,マクロファージのファゴシトーシスを刺激することで癌細胞を排除します.
- がん細胞は,ファゴシトーシスを回避するメカニズムが不完全であり,治療効果を制限する.
研究 の 目的:
- 抗体依存細胞ファゴシトーシス (ADCP) に対するがん細胞の感受性を調節する新しい要因を特定する.
- マクロファージによって媒介されるファゴシトーシスに対する癌細胞の抵抗のメカニズムを明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 癌細胞とマクロファージにおける無偏向の全ゲノムCRISPRノックアウトと過剰表現スクリーンの開発
- 補完的なスクリーニングアプローチを用いたADCP規制者の特定
主要な成果:
- アディポサイトプラズマ膜関連タンパク質 (APMAP) は,がん細胞におけるADCPの新たな調節剤として特定されました.
- 腫瘍抗原標的またはCD47阻害抗体と組み合わせると,APMAPの喪失は,ADCP耐性を含む様々な癌細胞のファゴサイトーシスを著しく強化しました.
- 腫瘍を標的にするモノクローナル抗体と相乗効果を持つAPMAPの損失は,体内で腫瘍の成長を抑制する.
- Gタンパク質結合受容体GPR84は,マクロファージによるAPMAP欠乏性がん細胞の強化されたファゴシトーシスを媒介することが判明した.
結論:
- APMAPは抗体によるファゴシトーシスに対する耐性を促進する癌固有因子です.
- APMAPをターゲットにすることで 癌細胞の逃避を克服し 免疫療法の有効性を高めることが期待されます
- この研究は,マクロファージのファゴシトーシス調節と癌の免疫回避メカニズムに関する理解を広げています.
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