北極の変動と変化を米国での極端な冬の天候と結びつける

Judah Cohen^1,2, Laurie Agel³, Mathew Barlow³

¹Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 13, 2021

まとめ

北極の温暖化は,平流圏の極地渦による厳しい冬の天候と関連しています. この研究は北極の変化がアジアと北米の極端な寒さに影響を及ぼすことを示しています

科学分野:

大気科学
気候科学
北極研究

背景:

北極は地球平均の2倍の速さで温暖化しています
厳しい冬の天候現象は中緯度で増加しています
北極の温暖化と中緯度の極端な天候の間の明確なリンクは議論されています.

研究の目的:

北極の変化と厳しい冬の天候の関連を調べるため
極寒現象における平流圏極渦 (SPV) の役割を特定する.
北極の変化と地表の衝突を結びつける物理的メカニズムを確立する.

主な方法:

ストラトスフィアの極地渦 (SPV) 破壊の観測分析.
秋の雪と北極海の氷の傾向を用いた数値モデリング実験.
衛星時代における衛星データの分析

主要な成果:

ストラトスフィアの極性渦 (SPV) の破壊は,波の反射と伸縮を伴うもので,アジアと北米の極端な寒さに関連しています.
これらのSPVの障害は,衛星時代に増加しました.
数値モデルは北極の変化 (雪の覆い,海氷) とSPVの伸びとの物理的なつながりを確認し,表面の衝突につながります.

結論:

北極の温暖化は,平流圏の極地渦 (SPV) による中緯度の極端な冬の天候に影響を与えます.
この研究は,この物理的なつながりのための観察とモデリングの証拠を提供します.
北極の変化の増加は,SPVの伸縮と,その後の極端な寒さの発生の頻度と関連しています.

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