統合されたストレス反応は,tRNA合成酵素に関連した周辺神経病に寄与する
E L Spaulding1,2, T J Hines1, P Bais1
1The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
まとめ
移転RNA (tRNA) 合成酵素の遺伝子の支配的な変異がシャルコ・マリー・トゥース病を引き起こす. GCN2センサキナーゼと統合ストレス反応 (ISR) を阻害することで,マウスモデルにおける周辺神経病気が緩和される.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 遺伝学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- どこにでも発現するトランスファーRNA (tRNA) 合成酵素の遺伝子の支配的な変異は,少なくとも6つのシャルコ・マリー・トゥース病 (CMT) と関連しています.
- マウスとドロソフィラのモデルでの以前の研究は,これらの変異の機能獲得メカニズムを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 変異したtRNA合成酵素が周辺神経症を引き起こす分子メカニズムを調査する.
- 統合ストレス反応 (ISR) とそのセンサーキナーゼGCN2 (一般制御非抑制性2) がCMTの病理生理学に関与するかどうかを判断する.
- CMTにおけるGCN2またはISRを抑制する治療の可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 細胞型特異の転写および転写プロファイリングを in vivo で利用する.
- 変異したtRNA合成酵素によるISRの活性化におけるGCN2の役割を調査した.
- マウスモデルにおける外周神経病に対するGCN2の遺伝子消去と薬理学的抑制の影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 変異したtRNA合成酵素は,GCN2センサキナーゼを通してISRを活性化させる.
- ISRの慢性的な活性化は,外周神経症の病理生理学に寄与する.
- ネズミのモデルでは,GCN2の遺伝的消去または薬学的抑制により,外周神経症が有意に軽減されました.
結論:
- 変異したtRNA合成酵素の異常な活動は,翻訳に関連しており,GCN2経由でISRを活性化します.
- GCN2またはISRを阻害することは,CMTの潜在的な治療戦略です.
- この研究は,tRNA合成酵素に関連した神経疾患の基礎となる分子メカニズムに関する新しい洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
2.7K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.7K
Stress Response System
352
The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's...
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's...
352
The Unfolded Protein Response
5.4K
The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
5.4K
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria
121
Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
121
Physiological Foundation of Stress
218
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
218
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
93
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
93


