クラミジアと淋病のスクリーニング:米国の予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明
, Karina W Davidson1, Michael J Barry2
1Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.
JAMA
|September 14, 2021
まとめ
クラミジアと淋病の定期的なスクリーニングは,性的に活動している24歳以上の女性,およびリスクが高い高齢女性に対して推奨されます. 男性のスクリーニングを推奨する証拠は不十分です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 感染症
- 予防 医療
背景:
- クラミジアと淋病は,米国で,特に若者の間で,一般的な性感染症です.
- 治療を受けない女性感染は 骨盤炎症や新生児の不良症状などの 深刻な合併症を引き起こす可能性があります
- 性感染症はHIV感染や感染のリスクを高めます
研究 の 目的:
- クラミジアと淋病のスクリーニングに関する勧告を更新する.
- 妊娠を含む性的に活発な青少年と成人のスクリーニングの利益と害を評価する.
主な方法:
- 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) が組織的な調査を依頼した.
- このレビューでは,様々な集団におけるクラミジアと淋病のスクリーニングに関する証拠を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 24歳未満の性的に活発な女性における クラミジアと淋病のスクリーニングは 適度な純利益をもたらします
- リスクが高い25歳以上の女性におけるこれらの性感染症のスクリーニングも適度な純利益をもたらします.
- 男性のクラミジアと淋病のスクリーニングの利益と害を決定するには,証拠は不十分です.
結論:
- USPSTFは,性的に活発な24歳未満の女性,およびリスクが高い高齢女性において,クラミジアのスクリーニングを推奨しています.
- USPSTFは,性的に活発な24歳未満の女性,およびリスクが高い高齢女性において,淋病のスクリーニングを推奨しています.
- 男性のクラミジアと淋病のスクリーニングを評価するには,さらなる研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
479
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
479
01:30Preventive Healthcare Services
1.2K
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
1.2K
01:22Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
3.2K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
3.2K
01:26Standard Precaution
2.4K
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
2.4K
01:17Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
4.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
4.2K
01:30Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
79
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
79