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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

25.6K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

The Calvin Benson Cycle

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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
193
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

A CO2 Concentration Gradient Facility for Testing CO2 Enrichment and Soil Effects on Grassland Ecosystem Function
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"植物の光合成に対するCO2の肥料化効果の最近の世界的な減少"に関するコメント

Zaichun Zhu1, Hui Zeng1, Ranga B Myneni2

  • 1Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 23, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

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Evaluation of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Photorespiratory Mutants by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis
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Evaluation of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Photorespiratory Mutants by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis

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科学分野:

  • エコロジー
  • 気候変動科学
  • リモートセンシング

背景:

  • CO2の受精効果 (CFE) は,世界の炭素循環を理解するために不可欠です.
  • 以前の研究では1982年から2015年の間に 世界的にCFEが著しく減少したと示唆されていました
  • 生態系モデルは この減少を過小評価することに 関与していた.

研究 の 目的:

  • 報告されたCO2受精効果の低下を再評価する.
  • 衛星データ処理と分析方法における潜在的なエラーを特定する.
  • 衛星によるCFEと生態系モデルのシミュレーションを比較する.

主な方法:

  • 衛星からの植生データ分析
  • 衛星データを再処理し,アーティファクトを修正する.
  • エコシステムモデルの出力と修正された衛星データの比較
  • CFEの推論と比較に使用された方法の評価

主要な成果:

  • 報告されたCO2受精効果の大幅な減少は人工物です.
  • 誤った衛星データ処理により 誤った結論に至った.
  • CFEを導出し比較するために使用された方法は問題がありました.
  • この文脈における生態系モデルのパフォーマンスは再評価が必要である.

結論:

  • ワングらによって報告された二酸化炭素受精効果の世界的減少. 修正されたデータには裏付けがない.
  • データの処理と分析の方法論的な欠陥は,正確なCFEの傾向を覆しました.
  • CFEのダイナミクスを理解するには,強力な方法論を用いたさらなる研究が必要です.