循環型炭素経済による 純排出ゼロのプラスチックの実現
Raoul Meys1,2, Arne Kätelhön1,2, Marvin Bachmann1
1Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany.
まとめ
バイオマスと二酸化炭素の利用とリサイクルを組み合わせることで, 純排出ゼロのプラスチックは可能であり,従来の方法と比較して大幅なエネルギー節約とコスト削減を実現します.
科学分野:
- 化学工学
- 環境科学
- 材料科学
背景:
- プラスチックのライフサイクル中の温室効果ガスの排出量を削減することは 重要な環境問題です
- 現在のアプローチは エネルギー密集的で 経済的に不可能なものとして捉えられています
研究 の 目的:
- プラスチックの排出量ゼロを実現するための経路を開発し分析する.
- これらの経路のエネルギーとコストの影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- グローバルプラスチックの90%をカバーするボトムアップモデルの開発
- バイオマスと二酸化炭素利用戦略の統合
- 有効なリサイクル率と再生可能炭素原料技術の導入
主要な成果:
- 排出ゼロのプラスチックは 70%のリサイクル率でバイオマスと二酸化炭素の利用を組み合わせることで実現できます
- このアプローチにより,34~53%の大幅なエネルギー節約が可能である.
- 運用コストは,炭素の吸収と貯蔵による化石燃料ベースの生産に匹敵するか,それよりも低い.
結論:
- 排出ゼロのプラスチックへの移行は実現可能であり,コスト削減の可能性もあります.
- 2880億ドルのコスト削減の可能性を実現するには,手頃な価格のバイオマスとCO2供給,高い石油コスト,リサイクルと再生可能原料への投資を支援する政策が必要です.
関連する概念動画
Plasticizers
136
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
136
Bioremediation
21.2K
Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
21.2K
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters
2.4K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
2.4K
Environmental Applications of Microorganisms
465
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
465
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes
8.5K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
8.5K
Plastic Behavior
319
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
319


