非常に伝染性の高い病原体の固有の持続性:野生の宿主における口腔炎

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Anna Jolles^1,2, Erin Gorsich^1,3,4, Simon Gubbins⁵

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 30, 2021

まとめ

アフリカの水牛の感染性の高い口疫ウイルスの持続性は,感染性の高い感染媒介者に依存しています. 急性感染した宿主間の伝播だけでは,ウイルスの消滅を防ぐには不十分であり,病気の生態系におけるキャリアの役割を強調しています.

科学分野:

病気の生態学
ウイルス学
流行病学

背景:

伝染性の高い病原菌は深刻な病気や急速な流行によりグローバルな生物安全リスクをもたらします
宿主集団における病原体の持続性を理解することは,病気の制御に極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

アフリカの水牛における高度に伝染する口疫ウイルス (FMDV) の持続メカニズムを調査する.
野生生物の貯水池内のFMDVの維持における異なる感染経路の役割を決定する.

主な方法:

実験的研究と理論的モデルの組み合わせを用いた.
FMDVの野生生物貯蔵庫であるアフリカの水牛の伝播動態を調査した.

主要な成果:

ウイルスの持続性は,急性感染した宿主間でのみ伝播される可能性は低い.
FMDVの最も感染性の高い株を維持するために,持続的に感染したキャリアからの偶発的な感染は不可欠です.
伝染性の低い株は,抗原シフトや宿主集団の転移などの追加の要因を必要とします.

結論:

持続的に感染した媒介体は,アフリカンバッファローの高度に伝染するFMDV菌株の長期存続に重要な役割を果たします.
病原体の持続性に対する媒介動物の影響は,疾病管理戦略で考慮されるべきである.
伝染性の低い株の持続を可能にする要因に関するさらなる研究が必要である.

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