mRNAワクチン接種後のアンチ-SARS-CoV-2受容体結合領域抗体の進化
Alice Cho1, Frauke Muecksch2, Dennis Schaefer-Babajew1
1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|October 7, 2021
まとめ
記憶B細胞は,mRNAワクチン接種後に強力な抗体を進化させるが,増幅後には増幅しない. 自然感染はより広範な抗体を産生しても,ワクチン接種は強い中和活性を生成する.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- ワクチン学
背景:
- 深刻な急性呼吸器症候群のコロナウイルス2型 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染症は,B細胞の反応を1年以上進化させる.
- メモリーB細胞は,SARS-CoV-2の変種に耐性のある広範で強力な抗体を発現します.
- COVID-19の回復した個人をmRNAワクチンで接種すると,変種に対する高い中和活性が得られます.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2に未感染者におけるmRNAワクチン接種後の5カ月間の記憶B細胞の進化を調査する.
- ワクチン接種と自然感染による抗体の幅と効力を比較する.
主な方法:
- モデルナ (mRNA-1273) またはファイザー・バイオンテック (BNT162b2) ワクチン接種後のSARS-CoV-2の素朴な個人のコホートにおける記憶B細胞の進化の分析.
- 抗体中和活性,効能,および幅の評価
主要な成果:
- メモリーB細胞は,プライムとブーストの間,中和活性が増加し,その後はさらに増加しなかった.
- ワクチン接種から5ヶ月後の記憶B細胞からの抗体は,最初の反応に似ていた.
- 自然感染による個々の記憶抗体は,ワクチンによって引き起こされた抗体よりも広範囲で強力でした.
- ワクチン接種後のプラズマ中和効果は,自然感染後のより高かった.
結論:
- 現在のmRNAワクチンでワクチン接種した個人を増強すると,プラズマ中和活性が増加しますが,回復期個人に見られる範囲には達しません.
- 記憶のB細胞の反応は,自然感染後に観察される継続的な進化とは異なり,初心者のmRNAワクチン接種後に安定する.
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