循環するSARS-CoV-2変種がmRNAワクチンによる免疫に与える影響

Carolina Lucas¹, Chantal B F Vogels², Inci Yildirim^3,4

¹Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Nature

|October 11, 2021

まとめ

以前にSARS-CoV-2に感染し,ワクチン接種を受けた個人は,変種に対してより強い抗体反応を維持した. 増強剤は新種のウイルスに対する免疫力を強化する鍵です

科学分野:

免疫学
ウイルス学
ワクチン学

背景:

新興のSARS-CoV-2変異種は,重要な抗体結合部位に変異があり,ワクチンおよび感染誘発の体内免疫に影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
これらの変異に対する免疫反応を理解することは,公衆衛生戦略にとって極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

SARS-CoV-2 mRNAワクチン接種に対する抗体とT細胞の反応を,以前に感染した (回復した) と未感染者 (未感染者) の間で分析する.
循環する多様なSARS-CoV-2変種に対するプラズマの中和能力の評価.

主な方法:

ワクチン接種後のSARS-CoV-2抗体とT細胞の反応の測定.
T細胞活性化マーカーを評価するために,スパイクまたはヌクレオカプシドペプチドによるin vitro刺激.
様々な変異体を表す16の本物のSARS-CoV-2単離体を用いた包括的なプラズマ中和測定法.

主要な成果:

以前感染した個人は,ワクチン接種後の抗体タイトルは,先天的な個人に比べて高かった.
素朴な個体は2回のワクチン接種後に祖先の株の同等な中和を達成した.
スパイクタンパク質のE484K,N501Y/T,L452Rのような特定の変異は,E484KとN501Y/Tのより大きな影響で中和能力を低下させた.
両群とも検査されたすべての変種に対して中和性を維持したが,以前に感染したワクチン接種した個体は中和性の優位性を示した.

結論:

ワクチン接種は,回復した患者と未感染者において,抗体とT細胞の反応の両方を強化する.
以前感染した個人は,ワクチン接種後のSARS-CoV-2変種に対するより広範でより強力な中和性を示しています.
ワクチンのブースターは,新興の変種に対する中和活性低下に対抗する重要な戦略です.

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