野生 の チンパンジー の 麻疹
Kimberley J Hockings1,2, Benjamin Mubemba3,4, Charlotte Avanzi5,6,7,8
1Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
Nature
|October 14, 2021
まとめ
西アフリカで野生のチンパンジーで (Mycobacterium lepraeによって引き起こされる) 麻痺が発見され,このバクテリアは以前考えられていたよりも多くの野生動物で循環していることを示しています. この発見は,ヒトと既知の動物の宿主以外の 病気の潜在的新たな貯蔵庫を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 動物医学
- 霊長類の健康
- 感染症
背景:
- 麻痺の原因であるMycobacterium lepraeの 主な宿主は人間です
- アーマディロや赤リスのような メンテナンスホストに 発症しています
- 捕らわれた非人間霊長類で自然に得られた麻痺が記録されているが,感染の起源は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 西洋のチンパンジー集団の 麻痺のような病変を調べるため
- 感染したチンパンジーの病原体とその遺伝的特徴を特定する.
- 野生の霊長類の集団における Mycobacterium leprae の循環の可能性を理解する.
主な方法:
- ギニア・ビサウとコートジボワールの野生のチンパンジー集団の縦断的な監視
- Mycobacterium lepraeの検体と死体検体のスクリーニング
- チンパンジーのM. leprae菌株とヒトと動物の既知の菌株の系統学的比較
主要な成果:
- 2つの野生の西部のチンパンジー集団で,麻痺のような病変と病気の進行が観察されました.
- Mycobacterium lepraeは感染したチンパンジーの病原体として確認されました.
- チンパンジーのM. leprae株は珍しい遺伝子型 (4N/Oと2F) に属し,一般的な人間や動物の株とは異なる.
結論:
- 野生のチンパンジーは 病気が進行した臨床症状を呈するので 麻痺に敏感です
- Mycobacterium lepraeは野生のチンパンジーの集団で循環しており,野生の動物が,より広範に麻痺の伝染に関与していることを示唆しています.
- この発見は,野生動物におけるM. lepraeのヒトへの潜在的曝露または未知の環境源を示しています.
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