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関連する概念動画

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.6K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.6K
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

5.2K
Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
5.2K
Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

15.6K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal...
15.6K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

9.9K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
9.9K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

8.0K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
8.0K
The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

96.8K
The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
96.8K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays
06:33

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays

Published on: June 28, 2024

666

細胞環境が核孔複合体の構造を形作る

Anthony P Schuller1, Matthias Wojtynek2,3, David Mankus4

  • 1Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature
|October 14, 2021
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

人間の核毛孔複合体 (NPC) は以前考えられていたよりも柔軟です 細胞環境は,NPCの構造と輸送チャネルの寸法に大きな影響を与えます.

さらに関連する動画

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

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Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation
16:27

Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation

Published on: September 14, 2011

12.5K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays
06:33

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays

Published on: June 28, 2024

666
A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

16.2K
Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation
16:27

Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation

Published on: September 14, 2011

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • 構造生物学
  • バイオ物理学

背景:

  • 核孔複合体 (NPC) は,核と細胞質の間の輸送を容易にする重要な分子機構である.
  • NPCは,中央チャネルの周りに異なるリングで配置された複数のヌクレオポリンで構成された大きな構造です.
  • 核輸送規制の理解には,原生環境におけるNPCの構造を理解することが不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 人間のNPCの高解像度構造モデルを 細胞環境内で生成する
  • NPCのアーキテクチャと次元に細胞の文脈の影響を調査する.
  • NPCのサブストラクチャの機能的相互依存性を探求する.

主な方法:

  • DLD-1細胞の冷凍電子トモグラフィー (冷凍ET)
  • 試料の準備のための冷凍焦点イオンビーム (冷凍FIB) 研磨.
  • リングの相互依存性を評価するためにNup96の標的分解.

主要な成果:

  • 人間のNPCの新しい構造モデルは,以前と比較して,かなり広い内輪と75%大きな中央チャネル容量を明らかにしています.
  • 内輪の周りの膜の非対称性とともに,核プラズマと細胞プラズマの輪の再編成が観察された.
  • Nup96の分解は,チャネル寸法と膜非対称性を維持するNPCリングの相互依存性を示した.

結論:

  • セルラー環境は,NPCのサイズとアーキテクチャに大きく影響し,固有の柔軟性を強調します.
  • NPCのサブストラクチャは,中央輸送チャネルと膜非対称性を動的に調節するために相互作用します.
  • この研究は,NPCの原生細胞環境における可塑性に関する新しい洞察を提供します.