物理的なpHで素早くアミドを形成するキノリンカリウムアシルトリフローボラートのメカニズムベースの設計
Matthias Tanriver1, Yi-Chung Dzeng1, Sara Da Ros1
1Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 14, 2021
まとめ
新しいカリウムアシルトリフローロボラート (KAT) は,中性pHでヒドロキシラミンとの急速なアミド結合形成を可能にします. この突破は酸性条件の限界を克服し, in vivo アプリケーションとバイオ分子結合の道を開きます.
科学分野:
- 有機化学
- 生物結合化学
- 薬剤化学
背景:
- カリウムアシルトリフローロボラート (KAT) は,化学選択性アミド結合形成に有用な反応剤である.
- ハイドロキシラミンとの現在のKAT結合は,最適な速度のために酸性条件を必要とし,繊細なバイオ分子とインビボでの有用性を制限する.
- KAT結合メカニズムの理解は,生理学的条件に適合する新しいKAT変種の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- カリウムアシルトリフローロボラートとヒドロキシラミンとの結合のメカニズムを解明する.
- ニュートラルなpH条件下で効率的に機能する新しいKATを設計し合成する.
- タンパク質改変を含む生物学的環境におけるKAT結合の適用を可能にする.
主な方法:
- 反応速度と順序を決定するための運動研究.
- X線結晶学により,反応中間物質と移行状態を可視化する.
- 反応経路をモデル化し,重要な要因を特定するための密度関数理論 (DFT) の計算.
- 新型8-キノリルアシルトリフローロボラートの合成と特徴付け
- 生理学的pHでタンパク質基板との結合の実証
主要な成果:
- 機械的調査は,KAT結合を加速するプロトネーションの重要な役割を明らかにした.
- 新しい8-キノリルアシルトリフローロボラートが合成され,基礎性が強化された.
- これらの新しいKATは,pH7.4 (速度の定数>4M−1s−1) でヒドロキシラミンで急速なアミド形成を達成する.
- 生理学的pHで増加した速度は,8キノリン-KATのプロトネーションに起因し,中間形成とグループ離脱を促進する.
- 生理学的条件下でのマイクロモラー濃度でのタンパク質基板との成功結合が実証された.
結論:
- KATのプロトネーションは,ヒドロキシラミンとのアミド結合形成を著しく加速する.
- 8キノリルアシルトリフローロボラートは,生理的なpHで効率的な結合を可能にする新しいKATのクラスです.
- この開発は,KAT化学を生物学的システムと in vivo アプリケーションに適用することを拡大します.
- この発見は,生物結合と薬物開発のための次世代のKAT反応剤の設計のための基盤を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
3.3K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
3.3K
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
2.8K
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
2.8K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
4.1K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.1K
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
3.1K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
3.1K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview
3.4K
In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
3.4K
Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism
6.8K
Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
6.8K


