イギリスにおけるSARS-CoV-2流行のゲノム再構築
Harald S Vöhringer1, Theo Sanderson2,3, Matthew Sinnott2
1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK.
Nature
|October 14, 2021
まとめ
ゲノム調査により,イングランドにおけるSARS-CoV-2の変異動態が明らかになった. アルファ変種はロックダウン中に急増し,デルタのような後の変種は急速に広がり,2021年6月までに支配的になりました.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 流行病学について
- ゲノム 監視
背景:
- 重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2型 (SARS-CoV-2型) は,継続的に進化しており,新しい変種を追跡する必要がある.
- ゲノム監視はウイルスの拡散を理解し,公衆衛生の介入に情報を提供するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 2020年9月から2021年6月までのイングランドにおける71のSARS-CoV-2系統の疫学的動態を再構築する.
- アルファとデルタを含む主要なSARS-CoV-2変種の伝染性と進化の軌道を特徴づける.
主な方法:
- COVID-19 Genomics UKコンソーシアムからの密集したゲノム監視データを活用した.
- イギリスの315の地方自治体における71の異なるSARS-CoV-2系統の流行と動態を分析した.
- 変異体の伝染性を評価するための統計的方法,導入を考慮する.
主要な成果:
- 隔離期間中にB.1.1.7/アルファ変異に起因する伝染性の有意な増加を伴う明確なサブ流行が観察されました.
- E484K変異を持つ変異種が特定され,その伝染性はアルファより低かったが,制限にもかかわらず持続した.
- 2021年6月下旬までにゲノムの98%を占めるB.1.617.2/デルタ変異の繰り返し導入と急速な増加が記録されています.
結論:
- 厳格な公衆衛生対策の期間中,アルファ変異は伝染性と耐性性を高めました.
- アルファ後に出現した変種は,持久性があるものの,導入を考慮せずにアルファの伝染性を上回らなかった.
- デルタ変種の急速な拡大は,SARS-CoV-2の進化と拡散を制御する継続的な課題を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
16.8K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
16.8K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
6.5K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.5K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.9K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.9K
Viral Mutations
35.0K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
35.0K
Genomics
38.0K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
38.0K
Genetic Drift
41.4K
Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
41.4K


