腸の免疫の調節と腸内膠質による組織修復

Fränze Progatzky¹, Michael Shapiro^2,3, Song Hui Chng^2,4

¹Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. Franze.Progatzky@crick.ac.uk.

Nature

|October 21, 2021

まとめ

腸内膠質細胞 (EGC) は腸の修復に不可欠です. EGCにおけるインターフェロン・ガンマ (IFNγ) 信号は,寄生虫感染後の炎症と組織治癒を調節する.

科学分野:

胃腸内科
免疫学
神経科学

背景:

腸組織の整合性は,上皮細胞,免疫細胞,体幹細胞を含む様々な細胞タイプに依存しています.
腸内膠質細胞 (EGCs) の腸内ホメオスタシスと修復における機能は,ほとんど研究されていない.
既存の研究は腸の健康を維持する他の細胞の役割を強調しています

研究の目的:

腸内ホメオスタシス,免疫,組織修復におけるEGCの役割を調査する.
EGC が感染に対する腸内反応に寄与するメカニズムを解明する.
腸の健康と疾患に EGC が関与する重要な信号伝達経路を特定する.

主な方法:

ネズミのヘリグモソモイドスポリギルス感染の誘導
EGCと筋膜の遺伝子発現の分析
トニカ筋の単細胞トランスクリプトミクス
EGCにおけるIFNγ信号の廃止
炎症と粒状反応の評価

主要な成果:

ヘリグモソモイドのポリギラスの感染は腸内結晶症とIFNγ遺伝子シグネチャーを誘発した.
IFNγ依存遺伝子モジュールは,炎症性腸疾患の患者からのEGCで観察されました.
IFNγ-EGCのシグナル伝達を妨害すると,炎症が悪化し,筋膜に花粉腫が形成される.
EGCにおけるCxcl10上昇は,IFNγシグナル伝達に対する早期の反応であった.
IFNγ-EGC-CXCL10軸は,炎症を調節し,組織修復を促進するために重要です.

結論:

EGCにおけるIFNγシグナリングは,腸内ホメオスタシスの維持に中心的な役割を果たします.
IFNγ-EGC-CXCL10軸は,効果的な免疫反応と,感染症による組織修復に不可欠である.
EGCは腸の免疫と修復の重要なレギュレータであり,特に寄生虫感染症に対する反応です.

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