関連する実験動画
Updated: Oct 16, 2025

10:23
Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
Published on: January 20, 2023
3.4K
eccDNAは,高固有の免疫刺激活性を持つアポプトティックな産物である
Yuangao Wang1,2, Meng Wang1,2, Mohamed Nadhir Djekidel1,2
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature
|October 21, 2021
まとめ
エクストラクロモソームの円形DNA要素 (eccDNAs) は,アポトーシス中のランダムなDNA断片結合によって生成される. これらの円形のDNA分子は 強力な先天的な免疫刺激剤として働き スティング経路を活性化します
科学分野:
- 分子生物学
- 免疫学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- エクストラクロモソームの円形DNA要素 (eccDNAs) は種間で広く存在しているが,その起源と機能はほとんど不明である.
- 以前の研究では,eccDNAの生体生成の背後にあるメカニズムやその生物学的役割が完全に解明されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 染色体外円形のDNA要素 (eccDNAs) の生体生成と機能を調査する.
- 生まれつきの免疫反応におけるeccDNAの役割を特徴づけ,その感知経路を特定する.
主な方法:
- 新しい循環型DNA濃縮技術の開発
- 全長なeccDNAの浄化と分析のためのナノ孔配列化
- アポトーシスの誘導とeccDNA生成と結合の評価
主要な成果:
- eccDNAはゲノムDNA断片のランダムな結合から発生し,アポトーシス中に生成が増加します.
- アポトーシス誘発のeccDNA形成は,DNAの断片化とDNAリガゼ3の活性に依存する.
- eccDNAは,循環性およびシトソリックDNAセンサスティングに依存する先天的な免疫刺激剤として機能し,配列に独立しています.
結論:
- この研究は,アポトーシスに関連したeccDNA生物生成の新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.
- eccDNAは,スティング経路を活性化する重要な先天性免疫刺激物質として特定されています.
- この発見は,免疫応答の調節におけるeccDNAの潜在的な臨床的影響を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.8K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.8K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response
6.2K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
6.2K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
4.5K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
4.5K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
4.1K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
4.1K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
7.1K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
7.1K
Caspases
12.8K
Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
12.8K

