耐久性のある構造材料として,軽量で頑丈で,細胞壁工学によって形作られる木材

Shaoliang Xiao¹, Chaoji Chen¹, Qinqin Xia¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 21, 2021

まとめ

研究者は木を3D構造に形づくる新しい方法を開発しましたこの細胞壁工学技術は木材を改良します

科学分野:

材料科学
バイオ材料工学
持続可能な素材

背景:

木材は持続可能な資源ですが機械的な整合性を損なうことなく形づくることは困難です
木材の形づくりの現在の方法は,しばしば構造的な性能に妥協を伴う.
木材が構造材料として持つ可能性を完全に発揮するためには先進的な木材加工技術が必要である.

研究の目的:

ハードウッドを多面的な3次元構造に形にするための新しい加工戦略を開発する.
木の細胞壁を工学的に設計して機械的性質を保ちながら簡単に鋳造できるようにする
従来の構造材料の持続可能な代替品として3D鋳造された木材の可能性を調査する.

主な方法:

ハードウッドシートの細胞壁の工学
リグニン成分の分解と水の蒸発が容器と繊維を閉じます.
選択的な容器の再開と細胞壁の構造化のための急速な水ショックプロセス.
加工された木材を3Dの形に成形する.

主要な成果:

折り畳み形状を整える特徴的な細胞壁の構造が形成されました
3Dモールドした木材は材料の6倍もの強さを示しました
鋳造された木材の機械的性質は,アルミニウム合金と同等です.
このプロセスは多用途の 3D 木造構造の作成を可能にします.

結論:

この細胞壁の工学的なアプローチは平らな木板を強く形状が整った3D構造に変えることに成功しました
強化された機械的特性と形状性は,構造材料としての木材の適用範囲を大幅に拡大します.
この方法は建築や輸送における木材の利用に持続可能な経路を提供し環境への影響を軽減します

さらに関連する動画

11:26

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Published on: June 17, 2014

16.7K

07:21

Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

Published on: January 27, 2021

6.6K

関連する概念動画

01:21

Wood Products

149

Wood products encompass a broad range of materials crafted from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood-like shreds, designed for both structural and nonstructural purposes. Various specialized wood products have been developed to enhance strength, durability, and versatility in building applications.
Glue-laminated wood, often referred to as glulam, combines multiple smaller pieces of dimensional lumber using adhesives to form a single, larger piece. Cross-laminated timber consists...

149

01:19

Introduction to Wood

370

Wood, derived from trees, is a versatile and widely used construction material. Trees feature a trunk surrounded by a protective layer of dead bark. Beneath this outer layer lies the living bark, followed by the cambium, and then the sapwood which transitions into heartwood as it matures. At the center of the trunk is the pith. The age of a tree can be discerned by examining its growth rings, which are concentric bands visible in the trunk's cross-section.
The structural integrity of the...

370

01:21

Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber

209

Wood's structural properties derive from fibers aligned along the tree's length, contributing significantly to its mechanical strength. Wood exhibits up to twenty times greater tensile strength along these fibers compared to across them, and generally shows better performance under compression than tension. The length of fibers varies, with hardwoods having fibers around one twenty-fifth inch long and softwoods ranging from one-eighth to one-third inch.
The strength characteristics of...

209

01:18

Wood Panel Products

142

Wood panel products are essential materials used in construction for applications such as flooring, siding, and roofing, typically available in standard dimensions of 4 feet by 8 feet, with thicknesses varying from one-quarter of an inch to one and one-eighth inches. Among the most common types of wood panels is plywood, which is produced by gluing multiple layers of thin wood veneers under pressure. The grain of the outer veneers runs lengthwise, while the grains of the interior layers run...

142

01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

4.1K

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...

4.1K

01:18

Composite Masonry Walls

1.4K

Composite masonry walls combine multiple wythes of the same or different masonry materials to create a unified structure. These walls feature wythes that are bonded together either through mortar-filled collar joints, grouted spaces, or more commonly, with rigid metal ties and reinforcements, with the use of masonry header units being rare. Metal ties are preferred because they effectively minimize water penetration, as these walls primarily absorb moisture and then release it into the...