COVID-19における不適切なTGFβ応答は,NK細胞の抗ウイルス機能を制限する
Mario Witkowski1,2,3, Caroline Tizian4,5, Marta Ferreira-Gomes6
1Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. mario.witkowski@charite.de.
Nature
|October 25, 2021
まとめ
自然キラー (NK) 細胞はSARS-CoV-2を制御するのに役立ちますが,重度のCOVID-19はそれらの機能を損なうのです. 変形成長因子β (TGFβ) の過剰生産は,重症の場合NK細胞の活性とウイルスのクリアランスを抑制する.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 重篤なCOVID-19のアウトカムは,先天的な免疫システム制御と関連しています.
- 自然殺虫細胞 (NK細胞) は,RNAウイルスに対する抗ウイルス反応に不可欠です.
- NK細胞の機能は,COVID-19患者で変化することがあります.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2感染におけるNK細胞の役割と機能を調査する.
- 重度のCOVID-19におけるNK細胞機能不全の原因となるメカニズムを特定する.
- NK細胞の状態とウイルス負荷の相関性を調べる
主な方法:
- COVID-19患者のNK細胞の単細胞RNAシーケンシング.
- NK細胞の遺伝子発現シグネチャーの分析
- 血清変換成長因子β (TGFβ) レベルの測定
- 患者の血清を用いたNK細胞機能のインビトロ評価
主要な成果:
- ウイルスの制御と細胞毒性を含むNK細胞の機能は,重度のCOVID-19で低下します.
- 単細胞RNA配列解析は,重症な症例では,TGFβ反応が優勢で,独特のNK細胞遺伝子発現シグネチャーを明らかにした.
- 重症のCOVID-19患者の血清TGFβ濃度の上昇はNK細胞機能の低下と相関していた.
- 患者の血清はTGFβ依存のNK細胞活動を抑制した.
結論:
- TGFβの調節不全は,NK細胞の抗ウイルス機能を阻害する重度のCOVID-19の重要な特徴です.
- TGFβを標的にすることは,NK細胞の活性を再生し,COVID-19のアウトカムを改善する治療戦略である可能性があります.
- NK細胞の状態は,COVID-19におけるウイルス負荷制御のバイオマーカーとして機能する.
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