まとめ
研究者らは,マウスで新しいT細胞受容体遺伝子Vβ17aを発見した. この遺伝子は,MHCタンパク質の認識に強い好みを示しており,T細胞受容体Vβが免疫反応における重要な役割を果たしていることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- T細胞受容体 (TCRs) は,メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックス (MHC) タンパク質によって提示される外来抗原の認識を媒介し,適応免疫にとって極めて重要です.
- TCRレパートリーの多様性はV(D) J再結合によって生成され,抗原結合特異性の広範囲につながります.
- TCR-MHC相互作用の構造的基礎を理解することは,免疫認識の解読に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- マウスにおける新しいT細胞受容体Vベータ遺伝子アレルVを特定し,特徴づけること.
- 特定されたVβ17a遺伝子製品の結合特性と特異性を調査する.
- 細菌系TCRレパートリーとMHC相互作用に対するVβ17aの認識の影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- SWRマウスの新しいT細胞受容体Vβ遺伝子アレル,Vβ17aを特定しました.
- モノクローナル抗体KJ23aを用いて,Vβ17a遺伝子製品に特異的に結合する.
- Vベータ17a+T細胞からT細胞ハイブリドームを生成し,そのVベータ17a+T細胞が全種性MHCクラスIIタンパク質 (IE) に対する反応の評価.
主要な成果:
- 新しいT細胞受容体Vβ遺伝子アレルVβ17aが特定され,その産物はKJ23a抗体によって認識されました.
- Vβ17aを発現するT細胞ハイブリドームの90%以上は,異性IEIIクラスMHCタンパク質に反応した.
- この高い応答率は,他のTCR成分に関係なく,IEに対するVβ17aの有意な親和性を示している.
結論:
- Vβ17aアレルは,MHCIIクラスタンパク質,特にIEに対する強い固有の親和性を示しています.
- これらの発見は,MHC分子の認識を好むTCRレパートリーにおける生殖線バイアスを示唆しています.
- T細胞受容体のVβドメインは,免疫認識中にMHCリガンドとの主要な接触点を形成する上で重要な役割を果たしている可能性が高い.
さらに関連する動画
09:53Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
Published on: February 6, 2017
12.4K
08:59T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing
Published on: January 12, 2021
7.4K
関連する概念動画
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
1.7K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.7K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K
Antigen Processing Pathways
2.9K
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
2.9K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
13.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
13.7K
T Cell Types and Functions
3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
14.4K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
14.4K
