腸内病原菌は組織耐性を誘発し,その後の感染症によるニューロン損失を防ぐ

Tomasz Ahrends¹, Begüm Aydin¹, Fanny Matheis¹

¹Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.

Cell

|October 31, 2021

まとめ

腸内マクロファージは腸内神経系を感染による損傷から守りますこの組織耐性は,様々な病原体にさらされた後でも,腸の運動性と機能を保ちます.

科学分野:

免疫学
神経科学
胃腸内科

背景:

腸内神経系 (ENS) は腸の運動性などの重要な機能を制御します
感染症は腸内神経系に損傷を与え神経病や運動障害を引き起こす可能性があります
感染時に腸の健康を維持するには防御メカニズムを理解することが重要です

研究の目的:

腸が神経細胞の喪失を防止し病原体への曝露後に運動性を維持する方法を調べる
感染による神経保護に関与する細胞および分子経路を特定する.

主な方法:

腸内細菌やヘルミント感染のマウスモデルを研究した.
Muscularis マクロファージ (MMs) の表型と機能を分析した.
交感性ニューロン,アドレナージック受容体,T細胞,およびサイトカイン (IL-4,IL-13) の神経保護における役割を調査した.

主要な成果:

感染後,筋肉のマクロファージ (MMs) は組織を保護するフェノタイプを採用する.
バクテリア感染は,交感性ニューロン活性化とβ2- アドレナゲン受容体 (β2AR) 信号による神経保護を誘発した.
ヘルミント感染症は,アルギナーゼ発現型MMを誘発するIL-4/IL-13を通じたT細胞およびエオシノフィル介護を誘発した.

結論:

特定の腸内病原菌は腸内神経の整合性を保つために特定の耐性メカニズムを誘発します
これらのメカニズムは神経細胞の損失を防止し,その後の感染時に腸の運動性を維持します.
この発見は腸の健康と機能を維持するための新しい経路を示しています

キーワード:

腸内感染症腸内ニューロンエオシノフィールマクロファージ神経免疫学小腸

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