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関連する概念動画

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

452
Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the...
452
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Permeability of Concrete01:25

Permeability of Concrete

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Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

18.4K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

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Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

936
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Surface properties of alkali silicate glasses: Influence of the modifiers.

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Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
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圧縮されたSiO2ガラスにおける浸透変異

A Hasmy1,2, S Ispas3, B Hehlen4

  • 1Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), CNRS - Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France. anwarhasmy@hotmail.com.

Nature
|November 4, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

圧縮されたシリカガラスの構造の変化は,浸透経路によって起こります. これらの移行は 機械的な異常と不可逆性を説明し 新しい無形状態と経路を明らかにします

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Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination
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Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
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Last Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
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Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination
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Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 凝縮物質物理学
  • コンピュータ化学

背景:

  • 圧力の下での無形変形は,通常,局所的な構造変化によって説明されます.
  • これらの変換におけるスケールインヴァリアンスと臨界値の役割は不明である.
  • 物質科学と凝縮物質物理学にとって これらの移行を理解することは極めて重要です

研究 の 目的:

  • 圧縮されたシリカガラスの無形変異のメカニズムを調査する.
  • これらの変換が真の相変異に類似する特徴を示すかどうかを判断する.
  • 圧力が誘発した形状のない材料の構造変化への浸透理論の適用性を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 圧縮されたシリカ (SiO2) グラスをシミュレートするために,Ab initioベースの計算が使用されました.
  • この研究では,低密度から高密度無形状態への構造変化を分析した.
  • 貫通理論は,相互接続された構造クラスターの出現をモデル化するために使用されました.

主要な成果:

  • 構造の変化は,局所的な再配置ではなく, 浸透移行の連続を通して起こります.
  • 多面体 (四面体,五面体,八面体) の長距離浸透クラスターの出現が,臨界圧力下にある.
  • このメカニズムは,機械的な異常 (例えば,3 GPa) と構造的不可逆性 (10 GPaを超える) を説明する.
  • 発見された無形構造はコエサイトIVとVの結晶に似ており,SiO5五面体の役割を強調しています.

結論:

  • 浸透理論は,圧力下での無形形変換を理解するための堅固な枠組みを提供します.
  • この発見は,ガラスのようなシリカの密度化の過程に洞察を与えます.
  • この研究は,未知の無形固体と液体の相を予測するための新しい道を開きます.